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Luận văn thạc sĩ UEH factors affecting entrepreneurial intent, a study of business students in
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Luận văn thạc sĩ UEH factors affecting entrepreneurial intent, a study of business students in

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UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY

International School of Business

------------------------------

Nguyen Thuy Phuong Thao

FACTORS AFFECTING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENT:

A STUDY OF BUSINESS STUDENTS IN VIETNAM

ID: 22120031

MASTER OF BUSINESS (Honors)

SUPERVISOR:

Prof. Nguyen Dong Phong

Ho Chi Minh City – Year 2014

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ACKOWLEDGEMENT

This thesis could not be accomplished without the assistance, support, advice,

guidance and encouragement from many accompanists.

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my co-advisers Prof. Nguyen Dong

Phong and Dr. Nguyen Phong Nguyen for their commitment and enthusiasm

in supervising process, even with my minor and unwise questions.

I wish to give a big thank you for my dear colleagues, friends and classmates

for their invaluable support and encouragement when I encountered a lot of

difficulties and stresses during the process of thesis writing.

Last but not least, I would like to thank all students, lecturers and staff from

International School of Business-UEH, ERC International, University of

Economics HCMC, and Foreign Trade University for their time with

facilitating and answering my questionnaires.

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ABSTRACT

The research examines the ability of attitude, social norms, perceived

behavioural control and proactive personality in predicting entrepreneurial

intent, in which the model is operationalized as a combination between

variables from Ajzen (1991) and Batteman and Crant (1993)’s theory. Using a

data set form a sample of 396 business students, the research adopts multiple

regression analysis to test the proposed model and its hypotheses. The result

shows that both theories can be applied in Vietnamese context, in which

attitude and social norms toward entrepreneurship and proactive personality

do affect the entrepreneurial intent of business students in Vietnam; whereas

perceived behavioural intention toward entrepreneurship does not. These

findings suggest that if business students in Vietnam are lack of confidence in

their ability to starting new businesses, and they should be trained/ educated in

a way of developing soft-skills rather than focusing only in textbook.

Keywords – Entrepreneurial intention, Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB),

Proactive Personality

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ACKOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1........................................................................................................................................ 8

INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................. 8

1.1 Background........................................................................................................................ 8

1.1.1 History of entrepreneurship in Vietnam......................................................8

1.1.2 Entrepreneurial activities in Vietnam............................................................10

1.2 Research gap .......................................................................................................................... 11

1.3 Research objectives.............................................................................................................. 12

1.4 Research scope ...................................................................................................................... 12

1.5 Contributions and implications......................................................................................... 12

1.6 Structure of the research ..................................................................................................... 13

CHAPTER 2...................................................................................................................................... 14

LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT................................. 14

2.1 Theoretical background....................................................................................................... 14

2.1.1 The application of Ajzen’s (1991) Theory Planned Behaviour

(TPB) model in predicting entrepreneurial intent...................................................14

2.1.2 Proactive Personality (Batteman and Crant, 1993) in predicting

entrepreneurial intent ..............................................................................................18

2.2. Review on “Entrepreneurial intent”................................................................................ 19

2.3 Hypotheses development .................................................................................................... 22

CHAPTER 3...................................................................................................................................... 28

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................ 28

3.1 Research design..................................................................................................................... 28

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3.2 Measurement scales.............................................................................................................. 28

3.3 Sampling design .................................................................................................................... 31

3.3.1 Population ......................................................................................................31

3.3.2 Sample size ....................................................................................................31

3.4 Sampling techniques............................................................................................................ 32

3.5 Data collection methods...................................................................................................... 32

3.6 Data analysis method........................................................................................................... 33

3.6.1 Statistical method...........................................................................................33

3.6.2 Descriptive statistics......................................................................................33

3.6.3 Reliability analysis.........................................................................................33

3.6.4 Exploratory factor analysis (EFA).................................................................33

3.6.5 Multiple regression analysis........................................................................................... 34

CHAPTER 4...................................................................................................................................... 35

DATA ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................................... 35

4.1 Descriptive analysis.............................................................................................................. 35

4.2 Assessment and refinement of measurement scale...................................................... 36

4.2.1 Cronbach’s Alpha ..........................................................................................37

4.2.2 Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)...............................................................39

4.3 Multiple Linear Regression................................................................................................ 45

4.3.1 Test of assumptions .......................................................................................47

4.3.2 Regression analysis........................................................................................47

CHAPTER 5...................................................................................................................................... 50

CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................ 50

5.1 Summary of research finding............................................................................................. 50

5.1.1 The application of Ajzen’s planned behavior model on

entrepreneurial intent in Vietnam’s context ...........................................................50

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5.1.2 The application of proactive personality construct (Crant, 1993) in

Vietnam market.......................................................................................................52

5.1.3 Summary of findings .....................................................................................52

5.2 Managerial implications...................................................................................................... 53

5.2.1 General managerial implications...................................................................53

5.2.2 Implications for Educators.............................................................................53

5.2.3 Implications for Practitioners ........................................................................54

5.2.4 Implications for Public policy makers...........................................................55

5.2.5 Summary of Implications ..............................................................................55

5.3 Limitation and further research direction....................................................................... 56

APENDICES

Appendix A: Questionnaire (English and Vietnamese version)

Appendix B: Multiple Liner Regression

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1: Shapero’s (1982) model of the “Entrepreneur Event” (SEE).....................14

Figure 2.2: Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (1991)................................................15

Figure 2.3: The proposed model....................................................................................28

Figure 3.1: Measurement scales....................................................................................32

Figure 4.1: Cronbach’s Alpha of remaining variables..................................................39

Figure 4.2: KMO and Bartlett’s Test of Dependent Factor (EI) and Total

Variance Explained of Dependent Factor..................................................................... 40

Figure 4.3: EFA result ...................................................................................................45

Figure 4.4: KMO and Bartlett’s Test of Dependent Factor (EI) and Total

Variance Explained of Independent Factor...................................................................44

Figure 4.5: Multiple linear regression ...........................................................................48

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