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Luận văn thạc sĩ UEH factors affecting entrepreneurial intent, a study of business students in
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UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY
International School of Business
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Nguyen Thuy Phuong Thao
FACTORS AFFECTING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENT:
A STUDY OF BUSINESS STUDENTS IN VIETNAM
ID: 22120031
MASTER OF BUSINESS (Honors)
SUPERVISOR:
Prof. Nguyen Dong Phong
Ho Chi Minh City – Year 2014
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ACKOWLEDGEMENT
This thesis could not be accomplished without the assistance, support, advice,
guidance and encouragement from many accompanists.
I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my co-advisers Prof. Nguyen Dong
Phong and Dr. Nguyen Phong Nguyen for their commitment and enthusiasm
in supervising process, even with my minor and unwise questions.
I wish to give a big thank you for my dear colleagues, friends and classmates
for their invaluable support and encouragement when I encountered a lot of
difficulties and stresses during the process of thesis writing.
Last but not least, I would like to thank all students, lecturers and staff from
International School of Business-UEH, ERC International, University of
Economics HCMC, and Foreign Trade University for their time with
facilitating and answering my questionnaires.
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ABSTRACT
The research examines the ability of attitude, social norms, perceived
behavioural control and proactive personality in predicting entrepreneurial
intent, in which the model is operationalized as a combination between
variables from Ajzen (1991) and Batteman and Crant (1993)’s theory. Using a
data set form a sample of 396 business students, the research adopts multiple
regression analysis to test the proposed model and its hypotheses. The result
shows that both theories can be applied in Vietnamese context, in which
attitude and social norms toward entrepreneurship and proactive personality
do affect the entrepreneurial intent of business students in Vietnam; whereas
perceived behavioural intention toward entrepreneurship does not. These
findings suggest that if business students in Vietnam are lack of confidence in
their ability to starting new businesses, and they should be trained/ educated in
a way of developing soft-skills rather than focusing only in textbook.
Keywords – Entrepreneurial intention, Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB),
Proactive Personality
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ACKOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1........................................................................................................................................ 8
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................. 8
1.1 Background........................................................................................................................ 8
1.1.1 History of entrepreneurship in Vietnam......................................................8
1.1.2 Entrepreneurial activities in Vietnam............................................................10
1.2 Research gap .......................................................................................................................... 11
1.3 Research objectives.............................................................................................................. 12
1.4 Research scope ...................................................................................................................... 12
1.5 Contributions and implications......................................................................................... 12
1.6 Structure of the research ..................................................................................................... 13
CHAPTER 2...................................................................................................................................... 14
LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT................................. 14
2.1 Theoretical background....................................................................................................... 14
2.1.1 The application of Ajzen’s (1991) Theory Planned Behaviour
(TPB) model in predicting entrepreneurial intent...................................................14
2.1.2 Proactive Personality (Batteman and Crant, 1993) in predicting
entrepreneurial intent ..............................................................................................18
2.2. Review on “Entrepreneurial intent”................................................................................ 19
2.3 Hypotheses development .................................................................................................... 22
CHAPTER 3...................................................................................................................................... 28
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................ 28
3.1 Research design..................................................................................................................... 28
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3.2 Measurement scales.............................................................................................................. 28
3.3 Sampling design .................................................................................................................... 31
3.3.1 Population ......................................................................................................31
3.3.2 Sample size ....................................................................................................31
3.4 Sampling techniques............................................................................................................ 32
3.5 Data collection methods...................................................................................................... 32
3.6 Data analysis method........................................................................................................... 33
3.6.1 Statistical method...........................................................................................33
3.6.2 Descriptive statistics......................................................................................33
3.6.3 Reliability analysis.........................................................................................33
3.6.4 Exploratory factor analysis (EFA).................................................................33
3.6.5 Multiple regression analysis........................................................................................... 34
CHAPTER 4...................................................................................................................................... 35
DATA ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................................... 35
4.1 Descriptive analysis.............................................................................................................. 35
4.2 Assessment and refinement of measurement scale...................................................... 36
4.2.1 Cronbach’s Alpha ..........................................................................................37
4.2.2 Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)...............................................................39
4.3 Multiple Linear Regression................................................................................................ 45
4.3.1 Test of assumptions .......................................................................................47
4.3.2 Regression analysis........................................................................................47
CHAPTER 5...................................................................................................................................... 50
CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................ 50
5.1 Summary of research finding............................................................................................. 50
5.1.1 The application of Ajzen’s planned behavior model on
entrepreneurial intent in Vietnam’s context ...........................................................50
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5.1.2 The application of proactive personality construct (Crant, 1993) in
Vietnam market.......................................................................................................52
5.1.3 Summary of findings .....................................................................................52
5.2 Managerial implications...................................................................................................... 53
5.2.1 General managerial implications...................................................................53
5.2.2 Implications for Educators.............................................................................53
5.2.3 Implications for Practitioners ........................................................................54
5.2.4 Implications for Public policy makers...........................................................55
5.2.5 Summary of Implications ..............................................................................55
5.3 Limitation and further research direction....................................................................... 56
APENDICES
Appendix A: Questionnaire (English and Vietnamese version)
Appendix B: Multiple Liner Regression
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: Shapero’s (1982) model of the “Entrepreneur Event” (SEE).....................14
Figure 2.2: Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (1991)................................................15
Figure 2.3: The proposed model....................................................................................28
Figure 3.1: Measurement scales....................................................................................32
Figure 4.1: Cronbach’s Alpha of remaining variables..................................................39
Figure 4.2: KMO and Bartlett’s Test of Dependent Factor (EI) and Total
Variance Explained of Dependent Factor..................................................................... 40
Figure 4.3: EFA result ...................................................................................................45
Figure 4.4: KMO and Bartlett’s Test of Dependent Factor (EI) and Total
Variance Explained of Independent Factor...................................................................44
Figure 4.5: Multiple linear regression ...........................................................................48
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