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Luận văn thạc sĩ UEH does trade openness affect environment
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UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES
HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE
VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS
VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS
PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
DOES TRADE OPENNESS AFFECT
ENVIRONMENT?
BY
NGUYEN THI THUY THANH
MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
HO CHI MINH CITY, JANUARY 2013
LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add [email protected]
UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES
HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE
VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS
VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS
PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
DOES TRADE OPENNESS AFFECT
ENVIRONMENT?
A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
By
NGUYEN THI THUY THANH
Academic Supervisor:
Dr. NGUYEN HUU DUNG
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3
ABSTRACT
This paper tries to find out the relationship between the openness to trade
and the environment. It is raised a question that whether the more openness to trade
the countries do, the more degraded quality of environment became. Besides trade
intensity that possible affects environment, there are some other variables might
take part into effect on environment like GDP per capita, Polity, Urbanization,
Land, Population, Haven which is the interaction of Openness to trade and GDP per
capita. Data of pollutants such as carbon dioxide emissions and organic water
pollutant emissions were collected. The data of carbon dioxide emissions, trade
intensity, GDP per capita, polity, urbanization, land, population are collected of one
hundred and fifty countries from 1960 to 2008 while data of organic water
pollutant emissions and same above variables are collected of seventy eight
countries from 1960 to 2008. Because the data is not balanced from country to
country then unbalanced panel data will be used for testing. Moreover, using the
Hausman-test to test that these panel data is significant with random effect model.
The result finally shows that there is a positive relationship between the openness to
trade and the environment pollutions provided that other variables to be held
ceteris-paribus.
Key words: Openness to trade, environment, trade barriers, pollution
emissions.
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4
ABBREVIATIONS AND GLOSSARIES
AFTA : Asian Free Trade Agreement
BOD : Organic pollution emissions
BTA : Bilateral Trade Agreement
CAFTA : China-Asian Free Trade Agreement
CO2 : Carbon dioxide emissions
FTA : Free Trade Agreement
GDP : Gross Domestic Product
GLS : General Least Square
GSO : General Statistics Office of Viet Nam
HO theory : Huckster-Ohlin theory
Nox : Nitrogen Oxides
OLS : Ordinary Least Square
PHH : Pollution Havens Hypothesis
PPM : The processing and product manufacturing method according to the
environment
SO2 : Sulfur Dioxide
US : United States
WTO : World-Trade-Organization
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