Luận văn thạc sĩ soil erosion modeling using geographical information system research study in binh

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THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

JOSE ALBERTO UMALI DUNCA

SOIL EROSION MODELING USING GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM:

RESEARCH STUDY IN BINH GIA DISTRICT, LANG SON PROVINCE

BACHELOR THESIS

Study Mode: Full-time

Major: Environmental Science and Management

Batch: 2012-2016

Thai Nguyen, 2016

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Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry

Degree program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management

Full name Jose Alberto Umali Dunca

Student ID DTN1353110554

Thesis title

Soil Erosion Modeling Using Geographical Information

System: Research Study In Binh Gia District, Lang Son

Province

Supervisor MSC. NGUYEN VAN HIEU

Supervisor Signature

Abstract: Land area is one major component in the progress of the

world’s biophysical resources. Nowadays, soil erosion is an emerging topic

regarding in the land’s degradation. Erosion whether by the subjects’ water,

wind, or tillage; involves three (3) diverse actions – soil detachment,

movement and deposition. Soil erosion is not just an ecological issue in

Vietnam in general; additionally flash flooding is a significant danger to

human life and property.

Binh Gia District is located75 kilometers far from the capital city of

the province which is Lang Son City. It is located in the tropical monsoon

climate, influenced by the general climate of the north; the climate is humid

tropical monsoon. Average annual rainfall is 1,540 mm, and during the rainy

season is 212 mm per month.

RUSLE is an erosion model designed average soil losses from sheet and

rill erosion under specified condition and was developed by Wischmeier and

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Smith in 1978. However, there are significant limitations due the model only

estimates rill and inter-rill erosion, this means that no wind erosion was taken

in consideration for the simulation.By the used of GIS technology, this method

was adapted by the researcher in conducting a case study in Binh Gia District

to model soil erosion. The result of the analysis showed that the amount of soil

loss in the research area ranges from 0 to 5893.09t/ha/year. Furthermore the

total soil loss in the area was about 80169 ton per year from 11.1 thousand

hectare.

Keywords

Soil Erosion, RUSLE Method, Geographical

Information System (GIS)

Number of pages 59

Date of submission

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Acknowledgements

First of all I want to express my sincerest gratitude to my Research Adviser

MSc. Nguyen Van Hieu to this support to my Bachelor’s Thesis, as well as for his

patience, motivation, and great knowledge. His guidance has helped me from the

beginning, from learning at first, and all throughout my research and for the writing of

this thesis as well. My special thanks also to his assistants for their support to the

completion of my paper.

Deepest thanks to Laguna State Polytechnic University Siniloan Campus,

Siniloan, Laguna to their recommendation to us to study abroad, and also to Thai

Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry to their acceptance to study full-time in

their University with a 100% scholarship.

Sincere thanks also to Nguyen Vu Tuan Anh, Jimlea Nadezhda Mendoza,

Keraia Vince Geronimo, and Paul Ezekiel Losaria for always around to help, and share

their knowledge for me to finish my study.

Last but not the least, I want to thank God for everything he gave to us; for my

family, my aunt and uncle, grandma and grandpa for their love, supports and their

challenges for me to study hard and be a better student than before. And for my Dad,

this is for you.

Thai Nguyen, 2016

Student

Jose Alberto Umali Dunca

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents ............................................................................................. v

LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................... 1

LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................... 2

LIST OF ABBREVIATION ............................................................................ 3

PART I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 4

1.1. Background and rationale ......................................................................... 4

1.2. Research objective .................................................................................... 5

1.3. The requirement ....................................................................................... 5

1.4. The significance ....................................................................................... 5

PART II.LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................ 6

2.1. Theoretical basis ....................................................................................... 6

2.1.1. Soil Erosion .......................................................................................................... 6

2.1.2. Geographical Information System (GIS) ............................................................. 13

2.2. Practical Basis ........................................................................................ 14

PART III.METHODS .................................................................................... 26

3.1. Materials ................................................................................................ 26

3.2. The content ............................................................................................. 26

3.3. Methods ................................................................................................. 26

3.3.1. Collecting and selecting data .............................................................................. 26

3.3.2. Inherited method ................................................................................................. 26

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3.4. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) ............................. 27

3.4.1. R factor (rainfall erosivity) ................................................................................. 29

3.4.2. K Factor (soil erodibility) ................................................................................... 29

3.4.3. LS Factor (Slope Steepness and Slope Length) .................................................... 32

3.4.4. Factor C (Crop Management)............................................................................. 34

3.4.5. P Factor (Management Practice) ........................................................................ 35

PART IV.RESULTS ...................................................................................... 37

4.1. The natural conditions and socioeconomic in research area (Binh Gia

District) ......................................................................................................... 37

4.1.1. Area’s Climate and weather................................................................................ 38

4.1.2. Digital Elevation Model Map of Binh Gia District .............................................. 38

4.1.3. Water Resources ................................................................................................. 39

3.1.4. Forest resources ................................................................................................. 39

4.1.5. Mineral Resources .............................................................................................. 40

4.1.6. Human ................................................................................................................ 41

4.2. Result of soil erosion map ...................................................................... 42

4.2.1. Rainfall Erosivity Factor (R) .............................................................................. 42

4.2.2. Soil Erodibility Factor (K) .................................................................................. 43

4.2.3. Slope length and Slope steepness factor (LS) ...................................................... 44

4.2.4. Crop Management (C) ........................................................................................ 48

4.2.5. Erosion Management Practice Factor (P) .......................................................... 50

4.2.6. Map editor (In ArcGIS 10.2 Software) ................................................................ 54

PART V. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ............................................ 57

PART VI.REFERENCES .............................................................................. 59

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