Tạo hứng thú tự học bộ môn lịch sử cho học sinh

THO HITHG THU TIT HOC DO HIOH LICH SIT CHO HOC SIHH

O TS, NGUYEN THI THE BINH*

Trong qud trinh dqy hgc bd mdn Ljch su (LS)

d trudng phd thdng, viee hinh thdnh vd phdt

trien kT ndng ty hge (KNTH) eho hge sinh

(HS) ed voi trd rdt quan trqng. Bdi, thdng qua ty

hqc (TH), HS «ty ndm vdng kiin thuc LS mdt cdeh

chinh xde, vdng chde vd cd the van dyng mdt

cdeh thdnh t/igo" (1). Viee TH khdng ehi giup HS

ndm vung he thdng tri thue LS khoa hqc, md edn

bdi dudng nhdn cdeh, phdt trien ndng lye tu duy

vd hdnh ddng cho HS.

Hinh thdnh vd phdt trien KNTH bd mdn LS Id

hoi khdu lien hep vd dan xen trong qud trinh dqy

hqc. Dd Id qud hinh ren luyen Idu ddi, Idm thu

nhieu Idn, trong nhieu hnh hudng khde nhau de di

ddn den thdnh thyc. Hinh thdnh vd phdt hien KNTH

eho HS ddi hdi nhieu yeu td, trong dd: xde djnh

nhu cdu, ddng co, kfch thfch hung thu hqc tdp Id

yeu td quon hqng ddu tien, ed tfnh quyet djnh hieu

qud TH euo HS. Trong thye tedqy hqc LS hien nay,

mdt sd GV chua chu y ren luyen KNTH cho HS,

ddn tdi nhieu HS hqc tdp thy ddng, xem nhe viee

TH nen ket qud nhdn thirc cdn hqn che. Vi vdy, Idm

the ndo de tqo hirng thu THLS eho HS, quo dd gdp

phdn ndng coo chd't luqng mdn hoc?

1. Khi HS ed nhu edu, hung thu, ddng eo vd

hnh h/ gide trong hqc tdp Id co sd eho viee hinh

thdnh KNTH euo ede em. «Nhu edu Id diiu ddi

hdi cua ddi sdng, ty nhiin vd xd hdi" (2). Theo

dd, nhu cdu hqc tdp Id mqt dqng dqc biet euo

nhu edu nhdn thirc. Neu HS ndy sinh nhu edu khdm

phd, chiem linh kien thirc mdi, cdc em se ed hung

thu vd ddng co hqc tdp dung ddn, se tich eye, ty

gide khdm phd vd dem Iqi ket qud hqc tdp tdt.

«Hung thu Id nhu cdu nhud'm mdu sdc xuc cdm

di trudc giai dogn gdy dona co vd Idm cho hoqt

ddng cua con ngudi cd tinh chd't hdp ddn" (3).

Hung thu hqc tap Id «thdi do lya chqn ddc biet

cua ehu thi ddi vdi ddi tugng eua hogt ddng hqc

tap, vl sy cudn hut ve mat tinh cdm vd y nghTa

thii't thyc cua nd trong ddi sdng cd nhdn" (4).

Nhu vdy, hung thu Id mqt hien tugng tdm li phuc

tqp vd ed vai trd rdt quan trqng trong hqc tdp ndi

chung, TH bd mdn LS ndi rieng. Khi HS ed hirng

thu hoc tdp LS, cdc em se tich eye, ehu dqng chiem

Irnh kien thire bq mdn mdt cdeh ben vung.

Neu hung thu Id nhu edu mong mdu sdc cdm

xuc, thi «ddng co Id thdi do ehu quan eua HS dd'i

vdi hqc tap" (3). Ddng eo hqc tdp dugc coi nhu

mye dfeh ddt ro ty gide vd dugc hinh thdnh tren co

sd euo nhu cdu vd hung thu. Trong hoqt dqng TH

thi ddng co ed tinh chd't nqi sinh, tu kieh thfch. Khi

HS thye sy trd thdnh ehu the euo qud trinh nhdn

thire thi se hr gide xde djnh dugc ddng co, myc

dich hge tdp. Khi dd, viee hqc dugc thyc hien dya

hen trdeh nhiem ed nhdn HS vd TH trd thdnh qud

trinh TH ty gide, ehu ddng vd sdng tqo.

Nhirng kieh thfch ben trong euo tfnh tich eye

nhdn thire euo HS d mue do coo hon Id hudng

tdm li - «sy chudn b'l trudc" ed y thue eho viee

thye hien mqt hdnh ddng ndo dd. Neu hudng

tdm li tdt, HS se ed thdi do ty gide, ed gdng chdm

ehi hqc tdp, qua dd hep thu kien thirc tdt vd nguqc

Iqi. Hudng tdm If edn dnh hudng den thdi do eua

HS dd'i vdi tung bdi hqc, het hqc. Ngodi ro, de

kfch thich ede yeu td tdm li ben trong dd'i vdi viee

TH eua HS edn ed nhdn td dqo due. Dd Id «sy

thdng sudt nghTa vu, tinh thdn trdch nhiem trong

hqc tap, nhdng phdm chdty chi nhdt dinh" (3).

Cd the ndi, xde djnh nhu cdu, dqng co, kieh

thfch hirng thu hqc tdp Id nhdn to ddu tien gdp

phdn hinh thdnh vd phdt then KNTH cua HS. Viee

hinh thdnh eho HS nhirng phdm chd't ndy Id nhiem

vy quon trgng eua mdi GV trong qud trinh dqy

hqc ndi chung, mdn LS ndi rieng.

2. De khoi ddy d HS nhu edu, hung thu vd

ddng ea TH dung ddn, GV edn Idm eho HS biet

ty dqng vien minh, Idm eho ty minh edm thdy

edn thiet vd bdt toy vdo viee hqc; xde djnh y nghTo,

tdm quon trqng cua TH vd hung thu hqc tdp. Ddy

Id viee ldm rdt quan trqng, bdi vi nhu edu, hung

thu vd ddng ea hqc tdp d lua tudi HS chua xde

djnh rd, thieu tfnh ben vi/ng, vi the edn ed sy tdc

dqng tfch eye tu phfa GV. Cy the:

Ij Kieh thich nhu cdu TH vd boi dudng niim tin

vdo khd ndng TH cua HS. De Idm tdt dieu ndy, GV

edn: - Thudng xuyen giao eho HS nhiem vy TH

tren co sd phi) hgp vdi khd ndng vd mire dp nhdn

thire euo HS, nhu vdy mdi tqo cho HS sy phdn khdi

vd niem tin vdo khd ndng cua minh, tu dd ndy sinh

* Tnrcing Oai hoc sir pham Ha Noi ^''•' '^f' on ."a

Tap chi Giao due so 25 8 (ki a • 3/aoi i)