Rèn luyện kĩ năng siêu nhận thức cho học sinh lớp 7 trong dạy học toán về tỉ lệ thức

REN LUYEN Kl NANG SlEU NHAN MCm HOC SINH LOfP 7

TRONG DAY HOC TOAN VE Tl IE THIJfC

O ThS. NGUYEN VA N THANH*

Tpdn hpc Id ntdn khoo hpc co bdn, cd tfnh

huu tupng coo nhung cd nhllu ung dyng

hong mpl llnh vpc cuo ddl sdng xd ndl. u

nhllu nude hfin thi gtdt hl|n nay, vl|c dpy hpc

todn f^S thdng khdng d\] Id hong bj cdc kiln thuc

CO bdn vd rin luv^n kr ndng gidl bdl tdp hong

SGK, sdch tham wido md cdn rdt chu hpng din

vl|c rfin luy|n kTndng sifiu nh^n thue (NT) eho hpc

sinh (HS). Chfing hpn, hong chuong hinh todn d

THCS cuo Singapore Irong tdl ll|u (1) thi «sifiu

nhdn thue' metoeognltton hodc «tu duy v l lu duy*

(thinking about thinking) d l cdp din ndng Ipc klem

sodt qud trinh suy ngnT cua cd nhdn, ode bl$t Id

t ^ v l vi ^ lyo chpn vd su dyng cdc chll^ lupc gidi

h>dn. Vlie rfin tuyfin Id ndng slfiu KT cho HS nham

glup cdc em hieu dupe bdn chdt cdo qud trinh

(QT) hoc todn vd gidl todn, bllt h/ khdm phd h-i

thue mdl, hilu sdu kiln thuc, nhd Idu vd cd khd

ndng vdn kiln thuc da hpc vdo ihpc liln.

D l rfin luy|n kr ndng slfiu NT cho HS, chung

tdl xdc djnh cdc glal dopn (GD) KT euo HS nhu

hong sodd 1. Mdl hong nhung diiu quon trpng

khi rfin khd ndng slfiu NT cho HS h-ong dpy hpc

todn chinh Id khd ndng Hip cdn Idl gidl mdl bdl

todn cdo ede em. Khi HS bllt vdn dyng m^t cdch

thfch hpp cdc h-l thuc dd hpc vdo QT gidl h:>dn

nghTo Id cdc em dd phdt triln dupe h; duy sdng

tpo. Khu vdy, HS cdn cd m^l qud h'lnh, dl h> vdn

d l (VD) don gidn din phdc h?p d l hinh thdnh kT

ndng slfiu

KT. Ddl vdl

HS, d l dpi

dupe md^ kr

ndng slfiu

NT, ede em

edn hdl quo

mdl sd budc

t l ^ cpn VD

theo cdc

cdp dd khde

nhou nhv:

. ,1 J uiHi man arveuf

- Nhdn al|n i^myii 4MM»V

vdldm sdng SadSl

G D I

TMMMOtu

NTthOo

T»a tun Huing

+

* Ucumn

V

G02

Moaca

Mtu dtfM M

+ XtyNngglt

Lipklnofcti

MnnOOng

^ V ^

0 0 1

•MnhgM

M l klfn

titiOcina.

V ^ '

Id nhOng VD cdn qugn tdm; - Dua ra nhOng dd

nghj ho^c gidi phdp djnh hudng cho QT gIdi

quyitt VD; - Ddnh gid, phdn tich, cdc gidl phdp

od d^ hinh thdnh kr ndng nghlAn cOu VD; - Thu

ih^p cdc gidl phdp dd dSlilnh thdnh kr ndng situ

IMTcOaHS.

Dgng todn K1$ thi}c Id phdn ki^n thik rdt quan

trgng trong chucmg trinh mdn Todn Idp 7. Khi

dgy ngc todn vi phdn H /^ ihik, HS ihudng ^ [

gidl di/gc cdc bdi todn 6art thudn, cdn nnOng

bdl khd hon, cdcamcdthjroi vdoih^b<)dc,

khdng bl^t thdo gd nhu th^ ndo vd khdng bl<t

cdch d|nh hudng gidl quy^ VD. Khi dgy hgc cdc

bdl todn v4 tr If thuc, gido viin (GV) thudng duo

ro to nhChig bdl todn ttm m$t ihdnh phdn chuo

bi^t cho d^n cdc bai todn Km bo hoOc bdn thdnh

phdn chua bl^t cdo tf 1$ thuc hoy cuo ddy K sd

odng nhau. NhOng dgng todn ndy ddu trang b|

ki^n thi>c cho HS d muc d$ thdng nllu.

Dudi ddy Id mft sd vi dv;

Bdt Iodn I:Tlmxbilt ^ = |j .

HutSngdaaTO ^'^^"^-^ •

Muc d$ NT cuo HS du<7C ndng coo ddn ihdng

qua ydu cdu ciJa cdc bdi todn, khdng chi hlS

thdng hllu It thuydt v l t< If ihOc dd dp ck/ng vdo

Idm bdi tdp md cdn dua ra gidi phdp gtdt quylt

cdc bdl todn phuc tgp hon.

Bdt todn 2: Tim x, bid't: o^ -4^'—;

bl ''±. 49

Hudng dSn: a) ^rr - -3. (-27)

blT￾81 =>x = 9hodcx.-9.

4 -»= = (-9). 49 • x2= :

• I1M« eiio llx - Mo t)! laqKl Sic SN • m Nti

Tjp Chi Blao dgc s6 29 0 (w a . 7/toi«i