Giáo dục Hàn Quốc và đôi điều suy nghĩ

Khoa hoe Giao due -Giao due nirde n§^^/

GIAO DUC HAN QUOC VADOI DIEU SUY NGHI

1. He thong giao due pho thong (GDPT) Han

Quoe

Tre em Han QuIc tCp 3-5 tuli thupc giai doan mlu

giao, khong bit bupe; bit dIu vao Idp 1 la 6 tuli. Giai

doan pho thong gIm ba clp hpc: Tieu hpc, Trung hpc

ca sd (THCS) va Trung hpc phi thong (THPT).

Tilu hpc keo dai 6 nam, tCr 6 tuli din 12 tuli; THCS

3 nam, tCp 13 din 15 tuli va THPT 3 nam, tCp 16-18

tuli. 6' cap hpc nay hpc sinh cd thi chpn mpt trong

hai hudng: THPT ca ban (General High School) va

Trung hpc nghl (Vocational High School). Len Dai

hpc cung theo hai hudng: giao dye (GD) ban lam va

GD nghl.

GD bat bupe d Han QuIc la 9 nam (giai doan Tilu

hpc va THCS).

2. Tu tuang chi dao chuang trinh (CT) GDPT

Han Quoe

CT GDPT lln thCp 7 (1997-2006) cua Han QuIc

hudng tdi viee tao ra "con ngudi dugc GD" nhu mpt

mlu hinh li tudng. Con ngudi dugc GD tit la muc

tieu cua CT. Con ngudi dugc GD tit theo quan niem

ghi trong CT GD Han QuIc (1) cd cac dac trung

sau:

1) Do la con ngudi luon gIng tim su phat triln ca

tinh cua chinh minh tren nIn tang hilu bilt sau rpng

va su phat triln lanh manh.

2) Dd la con ngudi chCmg td dugc kha nang sang

tao tren ca sd nhOng kiln thCpc va kT nang vu'ng

chic.

3) Do la con ngudi bilt kham pha va djnh hudng

nghl nghiep tren ea sd nIn tang kiln tbCrc va kT

nang rpng Idn vdi su da dang cua cac mdn hpc ca

ban.

4) Do la con ngudi bilt sang tao ra cai mdi tren ca

sd hilu bilt van hda truyin thing.

5) Dd la con ngudi bilt gdp phIn vao viee phat

triln cdng ding nai minh sinh sing, vdi tu each mpt

cdng dan cua xa hpi dan chu.

Sau nam 2006, CT GDPT Han QuIc dugc xem xet

va xay dung lai, gpi la CT 2007. Tu tudng chi dao

(1) Understanding Korean Education - Vol. 1 School

Curriculum in Korea - Copyright 2007 Published by the

Korean Educational Development Institute.

• PGS.TS.B6NGOCTH6NG ' e?;.

Trung tam Nghien cwu Giao due Pho thong

xay dung CT GD Han QuIc nam 2007 dugc xae djnh

cung nham hudng din con ngudi dugc GD tit nhlt:

" GD Han QuIc nhIm giup mli cdng dan phat triln

ca tinh va nhQ'ng kT nang can thilt cho cupc sing cua

mpt cong dan dpc lap dudi anh sang cua tu tudng

nhan dao va tinh thin traeh nhiem vi su phIn thjnh

eua dIt nude va nhan loai." (2)

D l con ngudi dugc GD vdi chit lugng cao, CT

neu len cac tieu chi:

1) Phat triln ca tinh cua mli ngudi va cham soc tit

ca mpi ngudi.

2) Giup thi hien nang lue sang tao va Cpng dung

kiln thCpc, kT nang.

3) Cd mpt nIn tang tri tbCre rpng d l hpc tilp va djnh

hudng nghl nghiep.

4) Sang tao nhOng gia trj mdi tren ca sd cac gia trj

truyin thing dan toe.

5) Nhiet tinh cai tao cpng ding nhu mpt cong dan.

Vdi djnh hudng tren, CT GD Han QuIc 2007 dugc

thilt k l theo cac yeu clu khai quat sau:

1) Giup hpc sinh (HS) tilp can vdi nhCrng thay doi

cua xa hpi

2) Tuan thu he thing CT GD ca ban quIc gia cung

vdi CT tu chpn la trung tam.

3) Nang cao chuIn cac vung mdn hpc vdi yeu clu

chuyen sau.

4) Cung clp cae ITnh vuc hpc tap khac nhau va cac

phuang phap hpc tap da dang phu hgp vdi nang luc,

thai dp va hCpng thu cua HS.

5) o l cao tinh thin tu chu cua cac nha trudng trong

viee t l chCpc va thue hien CT dja phuang.

6) Thilt lap he thing danh gia CT nham xIp loai

chit lugng GD.

3. Chu ki doi mai CT GDPT Han Quoe

TLP nam 1955 din nam 2009, Han QuIc thay doi

9 lln CT GD quIc gia, cu the tie nam 1955 din nam

1997 cd 7 lln thay dl i nhu sau: (3)

CT lln thCp 7 mdi thue hien dai tra tCp nam 2000 din

2006. Nam 2007, CT GDPT cua Han QuIc lai thay

doi va hien dang chuIn bj xay dung lai CT mdi (ehi

(2) KICE - Proclamation of the Ministry of Education

and Humamn Resources Developement 2007-79

(3) Theo INCA- www.inca. org.uk. Korea education

58 KHGD so 59, thang 8-201 0