Bàn thêm về phong trào chống thuế ở Hà Tĩnh năm 1908

<»' BAN THEM VE PHONG TRAO CHONG THUE

dnAllNH NAM 1908

NGUVfiN TAT THANG'

Phong triio chd'ng sUu thud d mien

Trung nam 1908 la mgt trong

nhQng sii kien ndi bat cua phong trao yeu

nUdc chd'ng Phap d nUdc ta dau the ky XX.

Day la mdt trong nhQng phong trao dau

tranh chinh tri diu tien cua quin chung

nhan dan chd'ng lai sU thd'ng tri cua thiic

dan Phap va phong kien tay sai ram rd va

sau rdng nhat ke tQ khi thiic dan Phap

xam lUdc nUdc ta. Phong trao chd'ng thue

dien ra manh me vdi quy md rdng ldn, hinh

thQc dau tranh phong phu, dgc dao chUa

tQng cd d Viet Nam. Nha sQ hgc David G.

Marr da danh gia dd la mgt trong nhQng sQ

kien tieu bieu cua vung Vien Ddng trong

nam 1908 (1). NhUng thdi gian cudi cua

phong trao khi lan ra tdi Nghe An, Ha Tinh

va Thanh Hda thi cdn chUa dUdc chu y

nhieu. Biii viet nay, chung tdi phan anh

them ve pheng trao chd'ng thue tren dia

ban Hii Tinh.

Nham phuc vu cho chUdng trinh khai

thae thudc dia lan thQ nhat (1897-1914), tQ

1897 trd di, thUc dan Phap da thiic hien

chinh sach sUii thue rat nang ne del vdi

nhan dan Viet Nam. O Trung Ky, che do

thud khda rat ha khic. Diu nam 1908,

chi'nh quyen thiic dan ra nghi dinh tang 5%

thue dien. Thang 4-1908, lay cd phai dai

thg le "TU tuan dgi khdnh" cho vua Khai

Dinh, chinh quyen thUc dan tang them

30% cac mQc thue, ddng thdi cdn gia tang

thue hang nam bat ke rugng td't hay xau,

dinh nhieu hay ft... "Mac du dd cd nhdng

Idi hda Id thue'se dUdc gid nguyen d mdc dd

quy dinh nhUng den ndm sau thi thue lgi

tdng vd nhdng ndm ke'tiep lgi cd tdng them

deu deu" (2). "NgUdi nong ddn Viet Nam

ludn coi quan thue nhU mgt tai deh" (3).

Chi rieng hai thQ thud dinh va dien, trung

binh mdi nam ngUdi ndng dan phai nop 10

quan tien tUdng dUdng 100 kg gao (4). Thue

mil qua nang, da gay nen sU cdng phan, bat

binh trong nhan dan. Toan quyen

Lannessan viet tren bao "NgUdi Dong

DUdng" cung thQa nhan nguyen nhan dan

den cac cudc bieu tinh "chu yeu Id do thue

md qud ndng, vd nhUng cuge bieu tinh ddu

tien dd nd ra d Trung Ky vi d day ngUdi ta

tdng thue' nhanh nhdt nhUng lgi kem sdng

sud't nhdt. Thue dd nang, lgi them cdch thu

thue rdt phien phdc" (5). "NgUdi ndo cd

nhieu thue thi hg gidnh nhau de nop trUdc

cho dd bdt phi td'n; do vdy, cd cdch phdn

hgng, phdn thd, quan thu thuelgi dUdc nhd

them. Cd tien thi du de'n sau cung dUdc nop

trUdc. Khdng ed tien thi du de'n trUdc cdng

phdi chd sau (tien ddy Id tien hd'i Id) (6).

Ben canh dd, nan phu phen, tap dich d

Trung Ky cung rat nang ne. Mdi nam mgt

ngifdi phai mat 15, 16 lan di phu diid sdng,

dip dudng, md mang ben cang. Hg lai phai

lam viec trong dieu kien an d tdi tan, khi

' Th.s. Khoa Lich sU - TrUdng Dai hgc Su pham Hue