: Dạy học văn học dân gian ở trường phổ thông theo hướng tích hợp văn hoá

DAY HOC VAN HOC DAN GIAN 6 TRITONG PHO THONG

THEO HlTGlNG TiCH HOlP VAN HOA

O NON G THU BANG*

1. Viec ddi mdi mqnh me phuong phdp vd

hinh thuc td chue dqy hge vdn trong nhd trudng

phd thdng hien nay dd Idm tdng hung thu vd hieu

qud hge vdn cuo hge sinh (HS). Tuy nhien, vdn

cdn mdt bd phdn HS thd o, hd hirng vdi mdn

Vdn, khdng thdy dugc tdm quon trgng cuo mdn

hge Irong qud trinh hge tdp vd trong ddi sdng.

Ngay cd phdn vdn hge ddn gian (VHDG) - mdt

bd phdn vdn hge gdn gui vdi nhdn ddn nhd't -

cung bj cdc em than phien Id khd hieu, truu tugng,

khd khon, xo rdi thye te (ke'l qud thdm dd 200 HS

tqi djo phuong).

Ddc biet, HS mien nui cdng gdp nhieu khd

khdn hon khi cdm thy VHDG, vi hdu het cdc tdc

phdm VHDG trong chuong trinh deu Id VHDG

cuo vung ddng bdng hode phia nam, nhung noi

cd nhieu net vdn hdo khde biet. HS mien nui, ngodi

SGK, khdng cd cdc tdi lieu tham khdo, thie'u sdch

bdo, phuang tien truyen thdng nen ddi khi cdc

em khdng hieu dugc vi soo trong hodn cdnh d'y

Iqi suy nghT the. Vf dy, khi hge edu co doo: «Treo

len cdy khi'nua ngay/Ai Idm chua xdt Idng ndy

khi ai...", HS vd cimg thdc mde, treo len cdy khe

sao phdi mdt nua ngdy? Cdy khe vd tri vd gidc

soo Igi Idm Idng ngudi chuo xdt? Ngoy cd HS

ddng bdng cOng se thd'y nhieu Ig Idm d mdi tdc

phdm VHIX5, thd'y nd xo Ig so vdi cude sd'ng dong

diln ro xung quanh minh. Thdi dqi cuo khoa hge

Idm gi cd dng byt, bd tien vd phep mdu..., ldy

ddu ro bd oo, edy khe de md trut ndi Idng; cdnh

khe thi gidn vd d l gdy, treo ten Idm soo duge?

Mdt trong nhirng ye'u id cdn trd hung thu cuo

HS dd'i vdi VHDG ehfnh Id sy thie'u hyt ve tri thuc

vdn hda truyen thdng, thie'u sy lien he so sdnh

xuyen sud't cdc thdi dgi. Cdc em eh? nhin thd'y the

gidi minh dong sd'ng; edm thy vd tiep nhdn VHDG

bdng chinh cdi nhin cuo thdi dgi minh. Vi the, khi

dgy hge VHDG, thiet nghT gido vien (GV) nen

chgn thdi diem thich hgp, ye'u to thich hgp de cd

sy tich hgp vdn hda trong qud trinh dqy hge. Ldm

duge nhu vdy khdng ch? md rdng tri fhuc van

hda cho HS md con ho trg HS frong viec cdm thy

vd tinh hdi tdc phdm van hge dan gian.

2. Tich hgp vdn hdo trong dgy hge VHDG Id

dung nhCrng tri thuc vdn hdo dd dugc gidi md

trong tdc phdm VHDG de li gidi, cdt nghTo Idc

phdm, tu dd tim ro gid trj vdn hge cung nhu ve

dep vdn hdo cuo tdc phdm VHDG.

2.1. Chuan bj cho gia dgy hge

De thye hien tfch hgp vdn hda trong dgy hge

VHDG, GV cdn chudn bj nhu sou:

1) Nghiin cuu cdc fdi lieu van hda liin quan

din gid hge. Ddy Id viec Idm rdt cdn thie't de GV

ty trong bj nhifng kien thirc vdn hdo cdn cd cho

bdi dgy. Internet Id phuong tien hd trg ddc lyc

trong viee tim kiem tdi lieu, giup GV tim thd'y

nhifng thu minh edn. Ngodi ra, sdch bdo, cdc

phuong tien thdng lin dgi ehung eung giup fch

rd't nhieu. GV cung edn tim hieu cd ve vdn hdo

dja phuong minh dang dgy hge de ed the giijp

HS lien he vd so sdnh vdn hda cuo mdi vung.

2) Xdc djnh dja chi tfch hgp van hda frong bdi

hge. VHLX5 Id mdt thdnh tdcua vdn hdo ddn gion,

chuo dyng rdt nhieu yeu td vdn hdo vd khdng phdi

ye'u to ndo cung duge lim hieu het trong gid hge.

Cdn phdi lua chgn nhdng yiu fdvan hda tiiu bleu

thfch hgp, hd trg cho HS tinh hdi het dugc nhdng

gid trj cua tdc phdm. Tim ye'u td vdn hda de tieh

hgp dyo tren viec GV xdc djnh duge myc dieh tich

hop, tich hgp tri thuc vdn hda ndo? Tieh hop nhu

the ndo? De tfch hgp vdn hdo trong dgy hge VHDG

cdn chudn bi nhifng gi?

3) Xdc djnh nhdng phuang phdp cdn su dung

frong bdi dgy. Phuong phdp dqy hge edn phii

hgp vdi ndi dung bdi hge, myc tieu dgy hge; thieh

hgp vdi viec tfch hgp vdn hdo, vdi viec hinh thdnh

phdm ehdt dqo dife cua HS; thudn tien vdi ndng

luc, sd trudng cuo GV cung nhu trinh do nhdn

thuc cuo HS, trdnh sy dp ddt, khien eudng.

* Tnroing THPT Cach Linh, Phiic Hoa, Cao Bang

Tap chi Giao due so 24 3 (ki i - 8/20101