Rèn kĩ năng tư duy cho học sinh thông qua bài tập thực hành thí nghiệm học sinh

REN Ki NANG TlT DUY CHO HOC SINH

THONG OOA BUI MP MGHIlNIIIHlllfiHIiM SIKH HOG

O TS. PHAN OCrC DUV

Wrhoa hpc Sinh hpc (SH) thude linh vyc khoo

1 ^ hpe thye nghiem. Cdc khdi niem, qud frinh

J.mkrd quy lugt SH phdn kin dupe phdt hien

thdng qua fhyc nghigm. Vi vdy, khi gidng dgy

cdc kiln thue dd eho hpe sinh (HS), gido vign edn

thilt phdi eho HS ldp Ipi eon dudng md cdc nhd

khoa hpe dd phdf hien ro nd ijdng thye nghigm.

Mudn Idm dupe nhu vdy, edn rgn luygn eho HS

cdc kT ndng (KN) h/ duy, dac bigt Id h/ duy thye

nghigm.

Mpt frong nhifrig phuong hudng d l rgn luyen

ede KN hr duy eho HS Id viec su dyng bdi top

thye hdnh thi nghiem (BTTHTN) frong dgy hpe.

Viec gidl ede BTTHTN, mpt mdt cdc em dupe frang

bj, khde sdu fri thire, mdt khde edn rgn luyen dupe

cho ede em cdc KN Kr duy fhyc nghigm frong

qud frinh hpc tap. Trgn eo sd dd, cdc em biet vdn

dyng kiln thiie SH vdo ddi sd'ng sdn xud't, ddp

l/ng ygu cdu gido dye long hpp, hudng nghiep.

1. BTTHTN id bdi tdp (BT) ddi hdi HS phdi

v$n dyng mdt edeh tdng hpp ede kiln thirc ii thuyet

vd fhyc nghigm, ede KN hopt ddng fri dc vd chdn

toy d l h/ minh gidi quylt vd'n dl , d l ra phuong

dn, Iyo chpn phuong Hen, tiln hdnh thi nghigm

nhdm nit ra kit ludn khoo hpc.

BTTHTN ed nhilu hinh thiie khde nhou: 1) Su

dyng ede dyng cy thi nghigm, hda ehd't edn fhilt

d l Idm thi nghiem; 2) BT chi dupe gidi bdng li

thuylt (mong tinh chd't fhyc nghiem Krdng Krpng);

3) BT lidng hinh vg (dung hinh ve de md hi cdch

kip ddt thi nghiem, hodc tir hinh ve eho frude

phdn tich ede khd ndng phii hpp...).

Trong day hpc SH, ngn uu tign sii dyng hinh

thiic 1, vi day Id BT mong finh ehd't thye hdnh. O

hinh thi/c 2 vd 3, dudi sy hudng ddn ciio GV, HS

thorn gia thilt kl , md td, d l xudf phuong dn thi

nghigm frgn gid'y vd biit (bdng Idi hodc bdng

hinh vg) ho$c xem xet tinh hop li ciio cdch thilt k l

Tap ehi Glao due so 29 4 (ki a • g/aoia)

cung nhu cdc diln bien vd kit qud thi nghiem...

Kr dd rut ro kef ludn. Lopi BT ndy dupe sii dyng

frong frudng hpp thieu thilt bi thi nghigm, thdi

Hit xd'u khdng tiln hdnh thi nghiem dugc, hodc

su dyng frong khdu kiem fra ddnh gid.

Viec vdn dyng dpng BT ndy Kry HS khong ed

dilu kien hpc tdp vd rgn luyen cdc thao tdc thi

nghigm, nhung uu diem ehinh ciio hinh thiic ndy

Id ddi hdi HS phdi Kr duy tich eye mdi cd the hilu

dupe thi nghiem, frd Idi dupe ede cdu hdi, BT fim

ro dupe kit ludn edn thilt. Vi vdy, hinh thirc thi

nghigm hr duy khdng ehi van dyng frong dpy vd

hpe SH d ede nude dang phdt frien, kinh t l khd

khdn md ngay ed d cdc nude phdt frien.

2. Rgn luygn KN h/ duy bdng BTTHTN.

Ngodi cdc KN fu duy nhu phdn h'eh - tdng hpp,

so sdnh, khdi qudt hdo, suy ludn, BTTHTN edn rgn

luyen cho HS cdc KN fu duy thye nghigm dd id:

phdn h'eh thi nghiem, so sdnh kit qud thi nghiem,

phdn dodn kit qud thi nghigm vd thilt k l thi

nghiem. Trong phpm vi hai viet, chung tdi xin

gidi thieu mdt so BTTHTN rgn luyen cho HS ede

KN ndi frgn.

1) BT ren luyen KN phdn tich thi nghlim

Yeu cdu: Ddi vdi BT ndy, HS phdi phdn h'eh

dupe myc dich ciia cdc thi nghigm, cdc dilu kien

filn hdnh thi nghigm, klf qud thi nghigm, frgn co

sd dd gidi thieh dupe kef qud ciio cdc thi nghiem

da Hen hdnh. Tii dd riit ra dupe kiln fhiie eo bdn

edn khdm phd.

VI dy: De eiing kiln thiic ve froo ddi nude d

thye vol (SH 11) GV cho BT sou: Cd hai thi nghiem

nhu sou: Thi nghiem 1: Cd hoi chdu coy, chdu 1

ed ddy dii re than Id; chdu 2 ed ngdt bd Id. Dung

hii poiietilen bjf kin den tdn gdc edy, d l vdo chd

sdng frong 1 gid vd quon sdf kit qud thdy chdu 1

* TnMi{ Bai koc si plia« • Bai kfc Nic

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