Quy định về mang thai hộ vì mục đích thương mại theo pháp luật Việt Nam

^Ag. ditm^ fikdfi. laM 864(337)-2020

QUY DjNH VE MANG THAI HO Vl MUG OICH THQDNG MAI

THEO PHAP LUAT iflET NAM

• ThS. NGUYgN THI LE HUY£N *

Tom tat: Bdi viet ndy phdn tich cdc guy dinh ciia phdp ludt hien hdnh ve mang thai hg vi muc dich

thifong mg.i. tir do, chi ra nhihig hgn che, bdt cap trong qud trinh dp di^ngphdp lugt vi mang thai hg vi

muc dich nhdn dgo d Viet Nam.

Abstract: This article analyzes the current legal provisions on surrogacy for commercial purposes,

thereby, pointing out the limitations and shortcomings in the application of the law on surrogacy for

humanitarian purposes in Vietnam.

Mang thai hd vi muc dich nhan dao

(MTHVMDND) la chi dinh diy

tmh nhan van dugc phap luat Viet

Nam lan dau tien ghi nhan va bao vd tai cac van ban

quy pham phap luat nhu Luat Hdn nhan va gia dmh

nam 2014, Bd luat Hmh sy nam 2015 (siia ddi, bd

sung nam 2017). Theo dd, MTHVMDlvE) dugc

hieu la "viec mot ngudi phu nii ty nguyen, khdng vi

muc dich thuang mai giiip mang thai cho cap vg

chdng ma ngudi vg khdng the mang thai va sinh

con ngay ca khi ap dung ky thuat hd trg sinh san,

bang viec lay noan ciia ngudi vg va tinh tning ciia

ngudi chdng de thy tinh trong dng nghiem, sau dd

ciy vao tir cung cua ngudi phu nii ty nguyen mang

thai de ngudi nay mang thai va sinh con"^. Quy

dinh nay cho phep nhung ngudi phu nu tu nguyen

du diiu kien cd the mang thai "hd" cho cap vg

chdng ma vi ly do nao do, cap vg chdng nay khdng

thi tu mang thai va sinh ra diia con cd cimg huyet

thdng vdi ho (vi dy nhu ngudi vg bi cat bd tu cung,

ngudi vg mic benh tim nen cd chi dinh khdng dugc

mang thai vi cd thi anh hudng tdi tmh mang...).

Quy pham nay dugc danh gia la mdt trong nhimg

quy dinh the hien tinh nhan van cao cua phap luat,

dam bao quyen lam cha me - nguyen vpng chmh

dang cho nhiing trudng hgp ma ngay ca nhiing nd

lyc tu minh thyc hien viec sinh con cua cac cap vg

chdng van khdng dem lai ket qua. Tuy nhien, de

dam bao viec thuc hien mang thai ho tren thuc te

dling ban chat nhan van vdn cd ciia nd, phap luat

Viet Nam hien hanh nghiem cam hanh vi mang thai

ho vi myc dich thuang mai (MTHVMDTM). Tren

ca sd dd, he thdng phap luat cung xay dung cac quy

pham phap luat va thilt lap ca che phap ly de xir ly

doi vdi cac hanh vi td chiic thyc hien

MTHVMDTM xay ra tren thuc te. Tuy nhien, thuc

tien ap dung phap luat cho thay, ben canh nhirng

hieu qua dat dugc, cac quy dinh lien quan den

MTHVMDTM vin bdc Id nhieu vudng mac, bat

cap.

1. Khai nifm v^ ban chit phap ly cua mang

thai ho vi muc dich thirong mai

MTHVMDTM la mdt khai niem tuang ddi mdi

trong he thdng phap Iuat Viet Nam. Trudc day, theo

quy dinh tai Diiu 6 Nghi djnh sd 12/2003/ND-CP

ngay 12/02/2003 ve sinh con theo phuong phap

Hue Ddn ch£i & Phdp ludt I