Nghiên cứu nhu cầu du lịch từ góc độ tâm lí học

NGHIEN Ciru NHU CAU DU LjCH

TIJ GOC DO TAM LI HOC > •

O ThS, PHAM VAN DAI"

1. Khi nen kinh te phdt trien, dieu kien sdng

cua ngudi ddn dupe cdi thien, nhu edu du Ijeh

(NCDL) trd thdnh mdt nhu edu (NC) tinh thdn quan

trpng cua con ngudi. Trong bdi cdnh hdi nhdp

qud'c te, Viet Nam ngdy edng thu hut sy quan

tdm, chu y eua edc du khdch nude ngodi. Du Ijeh

(DL) dd vd dang ehung td vai trd cua mdt ngdnh

cdng nghiep khdng khdi mong Ipi ngudn Ipi nhudn

to Idn ve kinh te; mdt khde, thdng qua ngdnh ndy,

ehung to dd gidn tiep qudng bd dupe hinh dnh

ddt nude vd con ngudi Viet Nam den vdi du khdch,

bqn be qud'c te. Tuy nhien, de DL trd thdnh mdt

ngdnh kinh te mui nhpn, phdi ddy mpnh edng tde

ddo too de nhirng ngudi hoqt ddng trong iTnh

vyc ndy trd nen chuyen nghiep hon. Do vdy,

nghien eiru NCDL cua eon ngudi; ddc biet, dudi

gdc dp cua tdm li hpc vd gidng dqy chuyen ngdnh

DL Id het sire edn thiet.

2. NCDL nhin tu gde dp tdm If hpc

1) NC dupe hieu Id sy ddi hdi eua bdn thdn

cd nhdn ddi vdi mdt ddi tupng ndo dd edn dupe

thod mdn de tdn tqi vd phdt trien. Nhu vdy, ve

bdn ehd't tdm If, NCDL Id su ddi hoi ve cde hdng

hod, dich vy DL md eon ngudi cdn dugc thod

mdn de thuc hien chuyen DL cua minh.

Theo If thuyet cua Maslow (trudng phdi tdm If

hpc nhdn vdn), NC eon ngudi dupe phdn theo

ndm thu bdc eo bdn (theo thu ty tu thd'p den coo):

1) NCsinh Ifeobdn (dn udng, tru dn, di Iqi, tinh

dye...); 2) NCan todn (NC dupe che ehd, trdt ty,

dn djnh; 3) NC ve quan he xd hgi (dupe tham

gia cde hopt ddng xd hdi, dupe trd thdnh thdnh

vien cua nhirng nhdm xd hdi ndo dd...); 4) NC

dugc kfnh ne, ngudng mg (uy tfn, thdnh cdng, sy

tu khdng djnh...); 5) NC fu the hien, phdt huy bdn

ngd vd thdnh dgt.

Xudt phdt tCr quan diem ndy, NCDL mang tfnh

tdng hop, do dqng gdm cd NC vdt chdt (r\Uu NC

Tap chi Giao due so 256 (ki a • a/aom

vdn ehuye'n, luu tru, dn udng...) vd NC tinh than

(nghi ngoi, thom quan gidi trf, NC tu khdng dinh)

eua con ngudi.Tuy nhien, xet mdt each khdi qudt,

NCDL Id NC bdc coo vi no phy thude vdo NC

ddc trung (NC nghi ngoi, ty khdng djnh...) cua

khdch. Ddy Id NC co bdn ehi phdi edc loqi NC

khde, ngay ed NC thie't yeu (NC sinh If) eua khdch

DL cung phy thude vdo NC dqc trung (NC tinh

thdn) eua hp.

2) Su phat trien cua NCDL chi ed the dupe

phdt trie'n khi ed nhdn dd thod mdn cde NC bdc

thd'p d mire dp nhd't djnh. Ndi rdng ra, NCDL

cua xd hdi ehi cd the phdt trien khi dieu kien kinh

te - ehinh trj - vdn hod cua xd hdi dupe ndng

cao. Thye te, d cde nude phdt trie'n, NCDL rdt

phdt trie'n, ti le ngudi di DL d nude Anh Id d3,2%;

Due Id 69,5%; Thyy Dien Id 79,d% (ngudn OMT

ndm 2002). Cdn ddi vdi edc nude dang phdt trien,

NCDL edn xep hdng thu yeu, tuy nhien trong sy

phdt trie'n ehung cua xd hdi, NCDL cua cde nude

ndy dd vd dang dupe ndng eao.

3) Cac loqi NCDL rdt da dqng, phong phu.

Cd nhieu cdeh phdn loqi NC vd loqi hinh DL. Vdi

tieu chf NC, cdn luu y mdt so loai hinh DL nhdm

ddp ung NC eua du khdch nhu:

Theo myc dfeh chfnh hay dgng co cua NCDL:

DL thom quan, gidi tri, nghi dudng, the thao,

khdm phd, tfn ngudng, hpc tdp, cdng tdc, kinh

doanh, chira benh...

Dua tren ddi tugng ddp ung NC van chuyen

trong DL (phuong tien giao thdng su dyng trong

chuyen DL): DL xe dqp, DL d td, DL bdng tdu hod,

DL tdu thuy, DL mdy bay...

Theo ddi tugng ddp ung NC luu tru (loqi hinh

luu tru): khdch sqn, camping, bugalov/ (nhd nghi

gidi tri), Idng DL...

' TnrdngDai hoc cong nghiep Ha No!