Giáo dục hướng nghiệp trong dạy học môn Công nghệ ở trường trung học phổ thông và các biện pháp thực hiện

GIAO DUC HirinVG NGHIEP TRONG DAY HOC MD N CON G NGHE

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O ThS. TR|NH VA N CUOlsiG''

Tfiyc hifn chii truemg dd'y mqnh hoql dfng

gido dye hudng nghlfp (GDHN) eho hqc

sinh (HS) phd thdng cuo Ddng vd Nhd nude,

nhilu frudng trung hqc phd thdng (THPT) dd vd

dang Kin hdnh cfing tdc nfiy mft cdch cd hifu

qud. Bin cqnh cde hit hqc theo quy djnh chung

cOa ehuong frinh, hoqt dfng GDHN cfin duqc

thyc hifn dudi nhllu hlnh thffc khdc nhou, frong

dd nfl dung GDHN duqc Kch hqp, Idng ghip

quo cdc mdn hqc.

1. Sy cdn thldt ihyc hifn GDHN frong dqy

hqc mdn Cdng ngh$ (CN) d frudng THPT

GDHN frong trudng phd thfing khfing phdl Id

mft mfin hqc rilng blfl vfi khdng cd gido viin

(GV) duqc ddo tqo theo ehuyin ngdnh. Trong

bdn cdch thffc GDHN cho HS, GDHN thfing qua

dgy hgc cdc mdn hge Ifi cfich thue co bdn nhdt vl

cd nhllu tllm nfing vd uu thl - d$c bift Id d ede

mfin Khoa hgc h/ nhlin, mfin CN.

Nhffng kiln thffc md HS tTnh hdl duqc d nhd

frudng phd thdng Id hf thdng tri thffc co bdn

eua hqe vd'n phd thdng. Od eung Id nhffng tri

thffc nen Ifing cuo nghl nghifp. Do vdy, frong

qufi frinh dqy hqc vd gido dye, nhd trudng cdn

td chffc tfi't cho GV gdn kit gido dye tri thffc

khoa hqc vdi tri thffc GDHN d HS. Thfing qua

dqy hqe bf mfin, GV cung cd'p, gldl thifu din

HS mqt «thl gidl nghl nghlfp" da dqng v l

ehung loqi, phong phu v l sd luqng. Vdl dfic

dllm lua hidl HS THPT, vifc ldng ghdp, lfch hqp

GDHN vdl ndl dung bdl hqc sS Idm cho kiln

thffc bdl hqc trd nln sinh dqng; sy gdn kit frI

thffc mfin hqc vdl thye tlln sdn xud't vd ddl sdng

qua GDHN cung se giup HS cfi hung thu v l nghl

nghlfp vd djnh hudng nghl nghifp Id'l han. Dfl

ngu GV bq mdn Irong trudng hqc cd ^ nghTa

nhu mft «mqng ludl" gdn chfit ede yiu td thdi

glon vd bifn phfip tdc dfng tdl HS, Idm cho

hoqt dfing hudng nghlfp (HN) duqc Kin hfinh

liln tye, da dqng, mql noi,... d nhd trudng.

Ngodi ro, GDHN trong dqy hqc ede mdn hqe

cOng khiln cho hoqt dfng GDHN duqc liln tye,

kiln ihffe GDHN cOa HS duqc hlnh thdnh <(song

hdnh" vdl kiln thffc mdn hqc; glffp HS Hip cfn

t hl gldl nghi nghlfp mft cdch h/ nhlln vd vdl

sd luqng Idn. Dd Id (chd nfing to ldn cOo GDHN

qua mfin hqe,

/v\dn CN Id sy «Hch hqp' cOa cdc mdn hqc ihO

edng vd kr thudt phd thdng (kr thudt phyc vy, kr

thudt ndng nghlfja, \S thudt cdng nghlfp) nhdm

glOp HS Idm quen vdt ihyc liln v l cdc mdl quan

nf gli>a ngudi vdl ngufil; glffo con ngudi vdl cfing

cy Too dfng, vdl CN sdn xudt, djch vy vd mdl

frudng ihlln nhlln..., d l qua dfi hlnh thdnh thfii

quen vd kt nfing loo ddng h/ phyc vy. Kin tfii bill

h/ ldp nghlfp khi frudng ihfinh. Qud frinh gifing

dqy mfin CN cfi Kin hdnh Idng ghip, Kch hgp nfl

dung cOa hoqt dfng GDHN edn ddm bdo v l mfit

nfl dung ehuong frinh, k l hoqch gidng dqy mdn

hqe. Di ldm duqc dllu ndy ddl hdi phdl cd mft h$

thdng cdc bifn phdp GDHN frong dqy hqc mdn

CN phi^ hqp vdi Knh htnh ihyc Kin hifn nay.

2. Cdc bifn phdp GDH N frong dqy hqc

mdn C N d frudng THPT

7^ Ndng cao nhdn ihi/c vi vl trf, val trd,

tdm quan trgng cOa ddl mdl phuong phdp,

hinh thue dgy hgc vd hoqt ddng GDHN thing

qua glang agy mdn CN

a) Ddl vdl cdn bd qudn ll (CBGM.) glda dye d

cde trudng. Nhlfm vy GDHN ndi chung vd HN

thdng qua gidng dqy mdn CN ndl rllng cdn c6

vj fr{ xung ddng; duqc quan ldm, nhin nhfn vfi

ddnh gid, xfiy dyng cdc KIu chf ddnh gid frong

thl dua d l GV bd mdn phdn dfi'u dd'y mqnh cfing

hSe GDHN cho HS; nhfn thffc rd vol frd, frdch

nhifm cua Ifinh dqo nhd Irudng frong vifc td chi>c

thyc hifn vfi kllm fro cdc hoqt d$ng GDHN ihdng

quo gidng dqy bf mdn; chi dqo GV ihc^ del

phuong phdp vd id chffc gidng dqy hqp If d l dqt

hifu qud eoo nhdt.

* Khoa Qaai H - IQC vifa Qi» H ^ o due

Tap chi Glao due s6 297 (M i • n/aoia)