Giáo dục Hà Nội thời Pháp thuộc: qua tài liệu lưu trữ

«LIO DIJC IL4 XOI TIKHI PHAP THUOC

QUA TAILl£ULUV TRO

DAO THI DI^N*

Trong sud't thdi ky thdng tri Ddng

DUdng, chinh quyen thupc dia Phap

da tien hanh hai cupc cai each giao due,

trong dd moi cupc cai each dUde gin lien vdi

ten tudi ciia mdt vien Toan quyen, dd la

Paul Beau (1) va Albert Sarraut (2).

Chiu anh hUdng ciia hai cude cai each

giao due cua chinh quyen thupe dia, hp

thdng giao due ciia Vipt Nam da ed nhflng

thay ddi quan trpng. Va Ha Npi cung khdng

nim ngoai pham vi anh hUdng dd.

DUdc chinh quyen thude dia ehu trpng

xay dung de trd thanh 'Thu dd cua Bac Ky",

'"Thu dd cua Lien bang Ddng Diicfng" nen

dudi thdi Phap thupc. Ha Npi da hpi ty rit

nhieu yeu to, thi hipn rd ket qua eiia vipe

thUe hipn cac ehinh sach ciia chinh quyen

thudc dia ve mpi mat, trong dd cd ehinh sach

ve giao dye. Dieu dd dUdc thi hipn qua td

chUc va boat dpng eiia hp thd'ng cac trUdng

cdng va tu trong sud't thdi ky tU 1898 den

1945. Bai viet se de cap mpt each khdi quat

tinh hinh giao due d Ha Npi qua hai cupc cai

each giao due ciia Phap d Vipt Nam.

I. GIAO DVC 6 HA NOI TRUdC NA M 1906

1. Tinh hinh giao due d Bac Ky trufdc

ndm 1906

Nam 1858, thUe dan Phap nd sung xam

lUde Vipt Nam d ciia biln Da Ning. Nam

1867, sau khi danh chiem dUde toan bd

Nam Ky lue tinh, eiing vdi vipe thiet lap hp

thdng chinh quyen cai tri d Nam Ky, thUe

dan Phap bit diu tien hanh cdng cupc

"binh dinh" xU Bic Ky.

Thang 6-1886, Paul Bert dUde eii gifl

ehUe Td'ng Tni sU Trung-Bic Ky. Vdn la

mpt nha giao due ndi tieng eua Phap nen

ngay sau khi dat chan tdi Ha Npi, ciing vdi

ldi tuyen bd; "Ngiidi Phdp den ddy Id di

ndng cao ddi sd'ng ndng nghiep, cdng

nghiep, kinh te vd cbn ndng cao ddi sd'ng

tinh thdn bdng giao due" (3), Paul Bert da

tu tay ddn ddc vipe xay dUng trUdng sd va

ra nhflng chi thi eu thi dl ehi dao cdng tae

giao dye. Chi trong mpt thdi gian ngin,

Paul Bert da td chUc dUpe mpt so trUdng

hpc gpi la trUdng Phap-Vipt (hay cdn gpi la

trUdng Phap-ban xU) d Bic Ky va Trung

Ky. Vi khdng tan thanh vipe bit ngUdi Vipt

Nam bd bin chfl Han de hpe chfl Phap va

chfl qudc ngfl nhU cac Dd ddc da lam d Nam

Ky nen Paul Bert vin eho hpe sinh hpc chfl

Han. Ngoai ra, tren dia ban Bic Ky, Paul

Bert cdn td chUe dUde mdt sd trUdng tieu

hpe eon trai va tieu hpe con gai, chUdng

trinh hpe gid'ng nhU cac trUdng tieu hpc cl

Nam Ky. Sau khi Paul Bert chet dot ngdt

(cudi nam 1886), tinh hinh giao due d Bie

Ky it cd sU thay ddi, phin vi khong ed ai

' TS. Trung tam Luu trfl Quo'c gia I