Dạy học dựa vào tương tác theo kiểu tình huống nghiên cứu

NGHIEN cuu &U1MG DUNG III

DAY HOC DlJA VAO TUON G TAC THEO KIEU

TINH HUONG NGHIEN CLfU

I. M 6 DAU

Ngay nay, ngudi ta coi su

tuong tac giila cac thanh td

trong boat dgng day hge nhu

mdt trong nhiing nguyen tac

then chdt ciia day hge hien

dai. Tuang tac frong day hge

d day dugc hieu la su tac ddng

qua lai giila ngudi hge - ngudi

day, ngudi hge - ngudi hge

va ngudi hge - rndi tradng

day hge. Nhihig rndi quan he

tuong tac nay la tien de cho sy

phat frien cua boat ddng day

hge, cac thanh td trong boat

dgng day hge. Chinh vi the,

cac tuong tac su pham phai

xuat hien d mgi gid len ldp,

mgi boat ddng day hge, mgi

phuang phap day hge (PPDH)

ma giao vien sir dung de td

chire hoat ddng hge tap cho

ngudi hge, bat ke do la PPDH

tmyen thdng hay hien dai.

Ben eanh do, dua vao ban

chit cua PPDH (PPDH la each

thiic giao vien sir dung de gay

anh hudng tieh eye len boat

ddng hge tap ciia ngudi hge),

ngay nay ngudi ta phan chia

he thing PPDH thanh 5 kilu

hay nhdm; mdi nhdm PPDH

nay tuang thich vdi mdt kieu

hay phong each hge tap khac

nhau cua ngudi hge. Chiing

bao gdm: nhdm cac PPDH

thdng bao - thu nhan, nhdm

cac PPDH lam mau - thuc

hanh, nhdm cac PPDH kien

tao - tim tdi, nhdm cac PPDH

khuyen khich - tham gja va

nhdm cac PPDH tinh hudng -

nghien ciiu.

Trong khi do, kilu PPDH

tinh hudng - nghien ciiu la

dac trung ciia kieu h9c tap

bing tu duy li tri - kieu hge

ThS. Pham Quang Tiep

Tru&ng Dgi hpc Suphgm Hd Npi 2

tap chi xay ra d con ngudi,

cdn d ddng vat cung xay ra sy

hge nhung cd chang dd la hge

tap bang bat chudc, luyen tap,

hge bang frai nghiem thir sai

va tat nhien khdng vugt qua

gidi ban sy phat frien cua loai;

tuyet nhien d chiing chua bao

gid xay ra sy hge bang nghien

ciiu, bang tu duy li luan.

Chinh tinh dac thu ciia kieu

hge tap nay quy dinh vai frd

vd cimg quan frgng va khdng

thi thay thi cua kilu PPDH

tinh hudng - nghien ciiu trong

giao due nha trudng. Chiing

can dugc sir dung mot,each

thudng xuyen ve tan xuat, da

dang ve hinh thiic, md hinh

kl thuat, de nd phat huy dugc

nhieu nhat y nghia va sii menh

cua minh frong qua frinh day

hge hien dai, khdng chi d cac

tradng dai hge, ddi vdi ngudi

hge tradng thanh ma cho toan

bd he thdng giao due hien nay.

_Vi nhflng le dd, frong bai

viet nay chiing tdi gidi thieu

mdt md hinh day hge -vira

quan triet nguyen tac tuang

tac ciia day hoc hien dai,, vira

thi hien dugc nguyen li cdt loi

cua kilu PPDH dugc xem la

dac trung frong day hoc nha

tradng, dd la md hinh PPDH

dya vag tuong tac theo kieu

tinh hudng - nghien ciiu.

II. NOI DUNG

Trong md hinh day hge

nay, nhiem vu ciing nhu boat

ddng chu dag cua ngudi day

ndi Ten rd nhat dd la viec tao

dung mdi tradng day hge true

tilp thdng qua viec thiet ke

cac tinh hudng day hge (tinh

huong didactics). Sau do, to

chiic mdt each kheo leo de

chuyen giao tir tinh huong

day hge nay (tinh hudng do

ngudi day thilt kl) thanh tinh

hudng van de d ngudi hge

(van de xuat hien frong tam

li ngudi bgc). Tilp dd, timg

budc frg giup, khich le,, ddng

vien ngudi hoc giai quylt tinh

hudng van de va chiem ITnh

fri thiic can linh hdi, dat dugc

muc tieu de ra. Dudi day md

ta timg budc cu the frong md

hinh PPDH nay.

- Thilt kl tinh hudng day

hge

hi luan day hoc hien dai

khang dinh, bat ki sy day hge

nao ciing phai dya vao tinh van

de ngay ben frong tien trinh va

ndi dung day bgc. Tinh van de

dugc quan niem d day khdng

bi bd ggn frong pham tru tu

duy, ma nd cd the bat ngudn

tir cam xuc, frang thai cu the

cua nhu ciu, tir rung cam tham

mi va dao diic... Tat nhien, eg

sd khach quan chu yeu nhat

ciia tinh van de chinh la cac

van de bgc tap trong ngi dung

hge van ciia mdn hoc, bai hge,

ehil de. Tinh van de khi dugc

ehil the hdabdi^ngudi hge nd

trd thanh van de cua ca nhan

ngudi bgc (hay ngudi,bgc,d

trong tinh hudng cd van de),

frd thanh muc tieu va dgng luc

thiic day ngudi bgc boat ddng

de giai quyet hay chiem Imh

chiuig.

Trong day bgc, ngudi day

cdth e lam xuat hien tinh

hudng van de, hay xuat hien

van de d ngudi hge thdng

qua viec thiet ke va td chiic

cac tinh hudng day hoc. O

day, thyc chat la ngudi day

tao dyng mdi tradng day bgc

Ngdy nhdn bdi 17/6/2012: Ngdy duyfl ddng 25/9/2012

TAP CHITHIETBI GIAO DUC-SO 86-10/2012 > 2 3