Đại học cộng đồng ở cộng hoà Liên Bang Đức

Khoa hoc Giao due -Giao due nude n

DAI HOC CON G DONG CT CONG HOA LIEN BANG DUC

Dai hpc edng dong (Dai hpc nhan dan - Volk￾shochschule) la mpt ca sd giao due phi Igi

nhuan danh cho dao tao bdi dudng ngudi trudng

thanh. Tuy nhien, khac vdi ten gpi cua chung, dai

hpc hpc cpng ddng (DHCD) khdng phai la trudng

dai hpc, khdng nIm trong he thing giao due dai

hpc ma dugc xlp vao ITnh vuc bdi dudng (dao tao

tilp tuc).

Cac trudng DHCD ngay nay dugc hilu nhu la

cac trung tam bdi dudng (cd the goi la cac trung

tam giao due sudt ddi) cua cae dja phuang. Chung

cung clp cac khoa hpc ngan, cac bai giang rieng

le, cac ehuyin di nghien ciru, cung nhu "dao tao

theo dat hang" vdi hinh thirc cac khoa hpc danh

cho cdng ty hoac khoa hpc tai cho.

Y tudng trudng DHCD dugc Grundtvig d Dan

Mach phat then tu cudi thi ki 19. Grundtvig quan

niem ring cac cdng dan chi cd thi sir dung cac

kha nang cung tham gia dan chu, nlu hp cd "mdt

su giao due hgp li". Ong da phln diu cho. viec

tao ra cac chuang trinh giao due eho ngudi ldn

tudi va cac chuang trinh nay ddi vdi mpi ngudi

la cd thi tilp can dugc - tire la chip nhan dugc

v l tai chinh va khdng cd cac ki thi tuyen. Cd thi

coi trudng DHCD Redding, trudng DHCD diu tien

ciia Dan Mach do Grundtvig thanh lap nam 1884-

eung la trudng DHCD diu tien tren toan thi gidi.

Redding la mdt thanh phd nhd nIm phia Nam,

thudc vLing lanh tho Schleswig cua Dan Mach thdi

dd. Hoc vien ciia trudng din tir cac trang trai ndng

nghiep ciia cac khu vuc lan can.

Ngay nay d Chau Au, nhllu quoc gia nhu Dire,

Ao, Thuy ST diu cd mang ludi cac trudng tuang tu

DHCD vdi nhu'ng ten goi khac nhau d mdi nude.

& Dire, phong trao md rdng dai hpc vao cudi thi

kl 19 dugc coi la y tudng khdi ngudn ciia DHCD,

trong dd cd viec thuyit trinh cdng cpng cOng nhu

cdng tac giao due cua cac hiep hpi giao due cdng

nhan va thg thu cdng. Vien han lam Humboldt

thudng dugc gpi la tiln than ciia trudng dai hpc

cdng ddng, nai ma k l tu" 1879 nhung kit qua khoa

hpc duge truyin dat theo hinh thirc pho thdng

NGUYIN CONG HINH

ix Bp Giao due va Dao tao

NGUYIN VAN CUCfNG

Dai hoe Potsdam, Cpng hoa Lien bang Duft

theo cac chu trinh thuyit trinh cho nhung cdng

dan khdng dugc dao tao han lam.

Trudng DHCD diu tien d Du'c dugc thanh lap

nam 1902 d Berlin. Trong diiu 148 ciia hiln phap

dl chi Due Phd nam 1919, viec khuyin khich

nganh giao due, bao gdm ca cac trudng DHCD

iln diu tien da dugc neu trong luat phap.Trong cac

trudng dugc thanh lap sdm cdn cd cae DHCD cua

cac thanh phd vung Pfalz Ludwigshafen (1902) va

Kaiserslautem (1904).

Phln Idn cac trudng khac dugc thanh lap sau

Chiln tranh Thi gidi iln thu nhlt nam 1918 vdi

muc tieu giao due tdt han eho quang dai quin

chung. Nam 1927, "Lien hiep cac trudng DHCD

Dire" dugc thanh lap.

Sau Chiln tranh Thi gidi iln thu 11, nam 1949, "To

chirc lam viec ciia cac lien hiep bang cac trudng

DHCD Dire" va nam 1953, Lien doan DHCD Dire

(DW) da dugc thanh lap. Trong ca clu cua Hpi

ddng giao due Dire nam 1970, giao due ngudi Idn

tudi dugc xem la bp phan clu thanh cua he thdng

giao due va dat mue tieu phat then rdng rai.

Mang ludi dai hpc cpng ddng ngay nay rdng

khip nude Dire theo mang ludi cac huyen va

thanh phd. Trong pham vi DHCD, cd su khac

nhau giua DHCD dd thj nhd va DHCD dd thj Idn.

DHCD d cac thanh phd Idn so vdi cac DHCD d

cac thanh phd nhd ed cac dan vj td chirc phire

tap han vdi mdt elu true chuang trinh dugc

phan hoa manh han, mdt dpi ngO nhan vien Idn

hon va mdt con sd hpc vien cao han. & mdt so

thanh phd Idn ed thi cd nhiiu DHCD d cac quan

khac nhau.

Chuang trinh cae khoa hpc cua cae DHCD

dugc elu thanh tir eac bai giang vdi thdi lugng

khac nhau, chu yiu tir 1 din 15 tuin. Vl nguyen

tie, cac khda hpe ed the danh cho tit ca mpi ngudi

tu' lua tuoi 16 trd di. Nhung chuang trinh cOng

cd cac khoa tuang irng theo nhu clu cua nhung

ngudi dang lam viec. Nhung khoa khac dac biet la

danh cho ngudi thit nghiep, phu nu va nam gidi

trong gia dinh, hay nhung ngudi huu tri, nghi viec.

62 KHGD so 64, thang 1-2011