Chính trường Thái Lan thập niên đầu thế kỷ 21

Nghien citu Quoc te so 2(81), 6/2010: 89-110.

<) -.- £i . :.'

CHINH TRlTOfNG THAI LAN THAP NIEN

DAU THEKY 21

Nguyen Phucmg Binh

Tinh hinh chinh tri Thai Lan da cang thang trd lai tir nhimg ngay

giiia thang 3 nam 2010. Ngoai bao lye van tiep dien d cac tinh mien

Nam, cac cuoc bieu tinh va tuan hanh vdi quy md Idn hang chuc nghin

ngudi ddi Thii tudng Abisit Vejjajiva tir chiic, giai tan Qudc hdi va td

chiic bau eir sdm ciing da nd ra lien tiep trong ba tuan qua. Sac ao dd cua

nhiing ngudi bieu tinh tran ngap cac dudng phd cua thii dd Bang Cdc, lye

lugng quan dpi va canh sat dupc huy ddng d miic tdi da de duy tri an

ninh, de phdng bao ddng va nhung hanh ddng qua khich ciia nhimg

ngudi bieu tinh. Cuoc khiing hoang chinh tri d Thai Lan, bat dau tir nam

2005, van chua cd hdi ket va dudng nhu khd di den mdt giai phap toan

dien vi nhung can nguyen sau xa tir lich sir va tir chinh he thdng chinh tri

cua qudc gia nay.

Bat dau tir cuoc each mang tu san nam 1932, do gidi tu san Thai

Lan lien ket vdi gidi quan sy tien hanh, da dua den viec thiet lap che dp

quan chii lap hien trong vuong qudc thay the cho che dp quan chii chuyen

che trudc day. Gan 5 thap nien sau dd. Thai Lan dugc dieu hanh hau het

bdi cac chinh quyen quan sy vdd ba tudng ITnh trd thanh cac thii tudng la

P. Phibunsongkhram (1938 - 1944), Sarit Thanarat (1959 - 1963) va

Thanom Kittikachom (1963 - 1973). Cuoc ndi day do sinh vien lanh dao

nam 1973 da md dudng cho tang Idp trung luu tham gia vao chinh tri.

PGS. TS., Hpc vien Ngoai giao.

6/2010 89

Chau A-Thdi Binh Duang

Cuoc ndi day ciing cho thay sy xuat hien cua cac lye lugng chinh tri,

kinh te va xa hdi mdi, hinh thanh tir nhiing nam I960, dac biet la cac

nhdm sinh vien, cac doanh nhan thanh thi, cac nhan sT dia phuong, tang

Idp lao ddng va ndng dan. Trong nhiing nam 1980, mdt dan xep chinh tri

mdi dugc thyc hien thdng qua md hinh chia se quyen lye giiia quan dpi

va nhiing nha chinh tri dan sy tir tang Idp Trung luu vdi viec cac nha

chinh tri dugc bau ra mdi Tudng Prem Tinsulanonda, nguyen Tdng tu

lenh quan dpi, giii ehiie thu tudng (1980 - 1988). Mdt hanh ddng dupc

cho la de tranh ddi dau vdi quan ddi.^^

Cd the ndi, cuoc ndi day nam 1973 da tao ra budc ngoat mdi trong

nen chinh tri Thai Lan, dua den sy tham gia cua tang lap trung luu va cac

lye lupng chinh tri, kinh te va xa hdi mdi bao gdm ca ngudi lao ddng va

ndng dan. Va dieu nay phan nao giai thich sy tdn tai cua nhirng cuoc bieu

tinh va tranh dau giira nhiing lye lupng "ao vang" va "ao dd" trong thap

nien dau the ky 21.

Thap ky cudi the ky 20, nhdm cac dang chinh tri theo xu hudng cai

each ty do va dn hda ngay cang trd nen thang the tai Thai Lan. Dd la cac

Dang Dan chu. Dang Dan tdc Thai, Dang Hanh ddng xa hdi va mdt sd

dang khac, dai dien quyen lgi cho gidi dai cdng nghiep va thuong nghiep,

ngan hang, tai chinh va cae quan chiic cao cap. Nhdm cac dang chinh tri

nay chu truong tien hanh cai each theo kieu dan ehii tu san Au - My, phat

trien kinh te thi trudng ty do va bay td sy khdng bing Idng ddi vdi viec

nam quyen hay banh trudng anh hudng ciia gidi quan phiet Thai Lan. Va

dieu dd da dugc the hien qua viec dieu hanh dat nudc cua chinh quyen

dan sy vdi Thii tudng Chatichai Choonhavan dugc Nghi vien biu ra nam

1988 - 1991. Ndi cac eua Thii tudng Chatichai la sy thoa hiep ciia mpt

'^ Xem: Kitti Prasirtsuk, "From Political Reform and Economic Crisis to Coup D'Etat in

Thailand", Asian Survey, Vol. XLVII, No. 6, November/December 2007, University of

California Press, U.S.A 2007, pp. 874, 875.

90 6/2010