Ảnh hưởng của gốc ghép volkameriana nhân vô tính và hữu tính đến sinh trưởng, ra hoa, đậu quả của cam đường canh trồng ở Gia Lâm, Hà Nội

T¹p chÝ KHKT N«ng nghiÖp 2006 TËp IV, sè 6: 11-14 §¹i häc N«ng nghiÖp I

¶nh h−ëng cña gèc ghÐp Volkameriana nh©n v« tÝnh

vµ h÷u tÝnh ®Õn sinh tr−ëng, ra hoa, ®Ëu qu¶ cña Cam ®−êng canh

trång ë gia l©m, hµ néi

Effect of sexually and vegetatively propagated rootstock Volkameriana on growth,

flowering and fruitset of Duong Canh mandarin grown in Gia Lam, Ha Noi

Ph¹m ThÞ H−¬ng1

Summary

Duong Canh (DC) mandarin is famous all over the country for its taste, flavor, seedlessness

and late maturity. With nice appearance and harvest time close to the traditional New Year

holiday it is often sold at highest price (3-5 times higher price compared with other citrus fruits).

The grafts of Duong Canh mandarin on Pummelo (C. grandis Osbeck) was characterized by

alternate bearing with unstable yield and short productive cycle. To make DC regular bearing

and to avoid harmful effect caused by high ground water table Volka was tested as rootstock for

DC mandarin. The results from the experiments showed that Volka propagated both by cutting

and by seed had positive effects on growth habit and fruit setting of grafted DC. On the

vegetatively propagated Volka rootstock DC had higher yield compared with that on sexually

propagated Volka. The yield of 4-4,8 kg of fruit on 2-year - old trees was considered as a good

yield for DC mandarin.

Key words: Volkameriana, Duong Canh mandarin, vegetatively and sexually propagated

rootstock.

1. §Æt vÊn ®Ò

Cam §−êng Canh (viÕt t¾t lµ §C) lµ lo¹i

c©y ®Æc s¶n næi tiÕng th¬m ngon, hiÖn ®−îc

trång kh¸ phæ biÕn ë huyÖn Tõ Liªm, Hµ Néi

vµ ®−îc trång r¶i r¸c mét sè khu vùc l©n cËn

nh− huyÖn Gia L©m - Hµ Néi, V¨n Giang -

H−ng Yªn. Víi phÈm chÊt th¬m ngon,

kh«ng h¹t, chÝn gÇn vµo dÞp TÕt nguyªn ®¸n

nªn trong nh÷ng n¨m gÇn ®©y cam §−êng

Canh lu«n ®−îc b¸n víi gi¸ cao gÊp 3-5 lÇn

c¸c lo¹i cam quýt kh¸c, mang l¹i nguån thu

nhËp cao cho ng−êi trång cam. Nhê hiÖu

qu¶ kinh tÕ cao do cam §−êng Canh mang

l¹i nhiÒu diÖn tÝch ®Êt vµn, ®Êt tròng ë

huyÖn Tõ Liªm, Gia L©m ®−îc chuyÓn tõ

trång lóa vµ trång mµu sang trång cam

§−êng Canh víi mËt ®é dµy vµ siªu dµy víi

møc ®Çu t− th©m canh cao vµ n¨ng suÊt ®¹t

tíi 40-50 tÊn/ha (Vongsalath, 2005).

MÆc dï vËy, ng−êi trång cam §−êng

Canh ph¶i ®èi mÆt víi mét thùc tÕ c©y ra qu¶

kh«ng æn ®Þnh, v−ên c©y chãng tµn vµ thêi

gian khai th¸c ng¾n (5-7n¨m). Mét trong

nh÷ng nguyªn nh©n chÝnh lµ do mùc n−íc

ngÇm cao lµm ¶nh h−ëng xÊu ®Õn sinh tr−ëng

cña bé rÔ khi phÇn lín c¸c v−ên cam §−êng

Canh ghÐp trªn gèc ghÐp b−ëi gieo h¹t. §Ó

h¹n chÕ ¶nh h−ëng xÊu cña mùc n−íc ngÇm

cao vµo mïa m−a ë vïng ®ång b»ng s«ng

Hång ®Õn viÖc trång cam quýt nãi chung vµ

cam §−êng Canh nãi riªng Hoµng Ngäc

ThuËn vµ c¸c céng sù ®[ nghiªn cøu sö dông

1 Khoa N«ng häc, §¹i häc N«ng nghiÖp I.