Tổ chức cho học sinh kiến tạo kiến thức trong dạy học phần hình học không gian lớp 11

TO mat CEO E^ Sim mOi 140 mOiZEilt

TRONG DAY HOC PHU N HIN H HOG KHONG GIAN LdP 11

O ThS. NGUVf N DIJC THANG *

1. TKeo quon dilm Clio If thuylt kiln h?o (LTKT),

hong dpy hpc, qud hinh n/i^n ihtic ihvc chit Id

qud hinh hge sinh (HS) kiin tgo nSn kiin ihuc cho

bdn ihdn thdng qua hal hogt ddng ddng hda vd

diiu ung.

Ddng bod Id qud hinh HS vfn dyng nhChig hi

thik dfi cd d l xO tf cdc thfing tin nhdm dpt dupe

myc tidu nhfn thik. Nhu vfy, sy ding hda xudt

hifn nhu mft co ehl gia Ipl edi dfi bilt hong hf

nhd vfi cho phdp ngudi hpc dyo hdn nhChig kiln

thuc dfi ed d l gidi quylt flnh hudng n>di. Diiu

ung Id qud hlnh HS sd dyng nhiJng kiln thik dfi

hpe d l gidl quyll flnh hudng mdl nhung khfing

thfinh cfing, bufe ede em phdl biln dol, dllu

ehlnh, edu hue tpl ede hi thue, thfm chf ed thi

k}pl bd hi thuc cO hofc duo ro ede khdi nifm

mdi d l gidi quylt vdn dl .

Tbeo ede h5e gid J. G. Brooks vd M. G. Brooks

(1), hong dpy hpe theo LTKT, gido vidn (GV) edn:

- KJiuyln khfch HS thyc hifn ede hopt dfng hpe

tfp dfe Ifp, dft ro ede cfiu hdi kit thOe md vd

ddnh thdi gion cho HS hd Idl; - Hfi hp HS vupt

quo cdc chudng ngpl, ddng thdi hudng dfin cdc

em tdm tdt, lldn kit cdc kiln thtk thfing qua qufi

trinh phfin tfch, dy dodn, gidl thfch vfi'n dl ;

- Khuy6i khfch HS thom gla vdo ede hopt dfng

nhdm, cde eufe dl l thopi, qua dd, nofil HS ed thi

hlnh bdy quon dllm ridng euo minh, ei^ng tranh

tufn di din thing nhdt ^ kiln; - Tpo ra efic chudng

ngpl nhfn thik vd cfi sy hS hp HS khi cdn thl^ d l

cde em vupt quo chudng ngpl.

Do dd, hude khi hudng dfin HS hpc bfil mdi,

GV cdn fin tfp, cung e l kiln thik cho ede em; ti>

dd, glup cdc em cd thi kiln hpo kiln thuc mdl.

Hgc Id m^t /f trinh chi> khdng phdi Id dlim din,

mdl y loin, mSl quan nl$m a)a HS Id mf / dlim

difng hpmlhdlhSnl^ hinh hgc eua hge (2). GV

ddng vol hd Id ngudi cd vdn, hudng dfin, glup

cdc em h/ ddnh gid nfing lye hpe tfp cOo minh.

GV cOng Ifi ngudi ndu ro vdn dl , flnh hudng, sou

dd, hudng dfin HS xdy dyng chlln lupc vd gifil

quylt vdn d l dft ro.

Theo tdc gid Phpm Due Quong (2), hong dpy

hpe todn theo quan dllm kl ^ tpo, GV Id ngudi

td chik, thilt k l cde hopt dfng hpe tfp eho HS, Id

ngudi ddnh gid Hnh hlfu qud, Knh khd thi euo

qud hinh dpy hpe.

2. Ti> vifc phdn Hch quon dllm ki ^ hpo, theo

ehCing tfil, qud hlnh id oiuc dpy hpc theo quan

dllm kiln h;to cfi thi gdm 3 budc: - Gfiudn bf bdl

dgy: GV phfin Keh chuong hlnh, SGK; xde djnh

hlnh d f cung nhu nfing k/e hpe tfp cuo HS trong

k5>p, xdc ^nn dllu klfn dpy hpc, myc tidu day

hpe; xfiy dyng efic Hnli hu£^g cd vdn dl , thl^ k l

ede hopt dfng, cfiu hdi chu ch ^ cOa bdl d l hudng

dfin HS khdm phd kiln thue; - Tichuc dgy hgc

hSn Idp: GV duo ro ede Hnh hudng ed vdn d l vd

cdc cfiu hdl chdt nhfim dinh hudng tu duy cho

HS, hudng dfin cdc em thdo luf n, d l xudt phdn

dodn digldl quylt vdn dl . GV ndn ihudng xuydn

S)} dyng nhung ^ u hdl kit thuc md (nhu: Igl sao?

nhvlbindo?\, ddng thdt khuyin khich HS thdo

luf n d l phdt hifn vd gidi quylt vdn dl , kiln hpo

kiln thik mfii; - Klim ha, ddnh gid vi hlfu qud

td chik dpy hpc; kiln thue HS kiln hpo dupe.

Dudi dfiy, diung tfil dua ra hal vf dy minh

hop dio qud hlnh dpy hpc theo quon dllm kiln

lpo gdm 3 budc d hdn:

Vf dv 7.- Khi dpy hpe dfnh ll 1 hong bdl

«Dvdng ihdng vudng gdc vdi m0t phdng' (Hlnh

hpc 11 nfing coo). GV cd thi td chik, hudng

dfin HS kiln tpo djnh If ndv nhu sou;

j;dtudnb;:-HSfin tpl bdl: nHai dudng hdng

vudng gdc', rdn luyfn cdc kr nfing xdc djnh gdc

glOa hal dudng thdng hong khdng gion, &i lal'

idln thik v l vecto; - GV chia Idp thdnh 4 nhdm

vd gioo eho mfil nhdm Ifim mft dyng ey hyc quon

gdm: -i- 1 tdm gfi phdng; + 3 thanh gfi a, b, c

• TnMf fa«| Mc pW tttai Cin TlMi 1, TlHMfe Ron

Tap chi Blao dye so 29 2 (k* a • t/aon)