Tài liệu Thương mại hoa cắt cành trên thế giới và những vấn đề của Việt Nam doc

THƯƠNG MẠI HOA CẮT CÀNH TRÊN THẾ GIỚI

VÀ NHỮNG VẤN ĐỀ CỦA VIỆT NAM

Phạm Xuân Tùng1

Summary

"The world cut flower industry and floriculture in VIetnam "

The world cut flower industry is a dynamic and growing multi-million dolars worth business. During

the last few decades, though production area tends to decline in the more industrialized

economies, those developed countries are still the largest flower producers and consumers and

share the larger portion of world total production value of USD 35 billion. The Western Europe,

North America and Japan are still the largest cut flower consumers, but consumption is fast

increasing in some other important regions such as China, India, Eastern Europe. The European

Union occupies only 12% of world total production area, but generates 42% of the total production

value, the Netherlands being the largest holder of more than half of that.

All flower producing countries and /or regions build their competitiveness by minimizing cost of

production on the ground of vertical investment, promoting innovation and /or employing

geographical advantages. The developing countries to take the comparative advantages of their

more favourable climatic conditions, lower cost of land and labour as well as encouraging

government preference policies. On the contrary, the developed countries take the advantages of

their capability of vertical investment into technological development and innovation. Those

countries which based their competitiveness on non-stop innovation are always the stronger

competitors.

The mid 1990’s was a new start of floriculture in Viet Nam. Cut flower production exploded around

the large cities of Ha Noi, Ho Chi Minh, Hai Phong and spread out to other more distant provincial

areas. In Dalat, the “flower city” and its vinicities, production rapidly expanded by tenfold within just

a few years to meet the sharp increase in the market demand. However, as many farmers depart

from vegetable production to flower cultivation, the supply gains surplus causing decline in the

market price and growers’ income. Flower export becomes an ambitious target of many flower

growers that attracts much of government endowment and interest of local agricultural enteprises.

However, by the end of 2008, only 5% of the total production is exported by foreign companies,

which have in-hand all the capital resource, advanced production technology and international

markets, of that 95% being by the Dutch company Harsfarm.

Results from recent research on the current scennario of the country flower production show that

beside several technical weaknesses of the local producers and marketers, strategic issues of

limitation includes: 1) lack of a system of cooperative maketing, 2) lack of supporting infrastructures

(cold chains, logistics, internal transportation systems, ect.), and 3) lack of producers with capability

of handling an export chain (including understanding of and business relation with the international

markets, adequate flower quality, adequate management strategies, adequate production volume

and stability of supply).

Keywords: cut flowers, demand, consumption, production, flower market, world trade,

competitiveness, problems.

1

Viện Khoa học Kỹ thuật Nông nghiệp miền Nam.