Quy trình đánh giá thành quả học tập theo cách tiếp cận chuẩn đầu ra

Q U Y TRiN H DAN H GI A THAN H QU A HO C TA P

THE O CAC H TIE P CA N CHUA N DA U R A

O ThS. CAN THI THANH HUONG - PGS. TS. LE DUC NGOC '

Lau nay, viec danh gia (DG) thdnh qud hqc tap

cua hqc sinh thudng tach rdi cdng viec gidng

•ay. M.E.Huba vd J.E.Freed dd so sanh hoqt

ddng DG khi lay day Idm trqng tdm vd DG khi lay

hqc Idm trqng tdm nhu sau (xem bang 1).

Bang 1. So sanh DG khi lay day Idm trqng tam

vaO DG G khi lay hqc Idm trqng tam (1) khi lay day lam trong tam OG khi lay hoc lam tronq tam

Day va DG tach rdi Day va OG dan xen vdi nhau

DG dung de theo doi hpc tap DG dung de thuc day va phan doan

viec hpc tap Trong tam la vao cac cau tra

lpi dung

Trpng tam la viec dua ra cac cau hpi

hay hpn va viec hpc hoi rut ra td

nhCrng sai sot Viec hpc tap mong mudn

dupe OG gian tiep thong qua

viec su dung cac bai kiem tra

dupe cham diem khach quan

Viec hpc tap mong mudn duoc OG

true tiep thong qua cac bai viet, dd

an, cdng viec, san pham, hd so,

thanh tich ngudi hoc,... Van hoa DG la canh tranh va

chu nghTa ca nhan

Van hda OG la phdi hpp, hpp tac, va

hd trp Ch! co trd mdi dupe xem la

ngudi hoc

Thay va trd ciing hpc hoi

CDR deu duqc tich hqp trong chuong trinh

DT. Nhu vdy, DG thdnh qud hqc tdp cua ngudi

hqc bdt ddu bdng viec xdc djnh CDR md

ngudi hqc se phdi dqt duqc, dd Id ket qud

cua viec gidng day vd cdc trdi nghiem hqc

tap cd lien quan.

Tuy nhien, can cd cdc PP ddnh gid (PPDG)

khdc nhau nhdm ddm bdo do tin cdy vd gid

tri cua cdc du lieu DG; neu chi su dung mdt

PPDG se khdng the xdc djnh duqc CDR md

ngudi hqc can dqt.

2. Cdc PPDG vai cdc CDR

Mdt khi CDR dd duqc xdc lap cho mdt mdn

hqc, mdt module, hay cdc trdi nghiem hqc

tap khdc nhau, chung can duqc sdp xep theo

the loqi nhdm tqo thuqn Iqi cho viec lya chqn

cdc PPDG thich hqp. R.J. Stiggins, chuyen gia

DG gido dye dd dua ra bdn hudng ddn chung

cho viec chqn cdc PPDG phu hqp vdi cdc the

loqi cy the cua CDR (bdng 2)

Viec DG khi lay hqc Idm trqng

tdm phdi bdm sat vdi chudn ddu

ra (CDR); su dyng nhieu phuang

phdp (PP) de thu thdp nhung

thdng tin md ngudi hqc dqt

duqc so vdi CDR nhdm thuc day

viec hqc tap trong mdi trudng

hd trq, hqp tdc. Quy trinh DG

hqc tap cua ngudi hqc gdm 4

giai doqn chinh:

1. Phan tich CDR cua

chuang trinh vd tung mdn hqc

Neu myc tieu (Objectives) cua mdt chuang trinh

GD-DT chi mang tinh djnh hudng (mong mudn cd

duqc ve phdm chd't cua sdn phdm DT), thi CDR

(Learning outcomes) Id cy the hda myc tieu (ndi hdm

chd't luqng tdi thieu md chuang trinh dd phdi dqt

duqc); Id nhung chi so (indicators) ve phdm chdt,

kien thuc, kTndng/kTxdo, tinh edeh/hdnh vi vd khd

ndng/ndng lyc cua ngudi hqc. Tdt cd ndi hdm cua

Bdng 2. Cdc PPDG vdi CDR

Cau hoi

van dap

va viet

Xep

hang

nang luc

Xet duyet

san pham

Nhat ki va

hd so

thanh tich

Cac cdng

cu tu

bao cao Hieu khai niem X

Giai quyet van de va

hieu biet ve quy trinh

X X

Sang tao va tdng hpp

kien thuc

X X X

Cac ki nang va cac

quy trinh

X X X X

Thai dd X X X

- Hieu khdi niem cd the duqc DG mdt cdch

hieu qud bdng cdc cdu hdi vdn ddp vd viet

thdng qua cdc ki kiem tra, phdng van hoqc

khi trao ddi thdng tin vdi ngudi hqc.

- Gidi quyet van de va hieu biet ve quy

trinh cd the duqc DG bdng cdch yeu cdu

ngudi hqc tim gidi phdp cho tinh hudng dan

gian vd phuc tap bdng cdch dung cdc cdu

* fiai hpc quoc gia Ha Npi

Tap chi Giao due so 25 1 (k. i • ia/aoio j