Nghiên cứu phân cấp đầu nguồn tại lưu vực hồ thủy điện Nậm Chiến, huyện Mường La, tỉnh Sơn La

KHOA HQC C6NO NGHft

i\ig h i£ i\i c u u p h A n cA p o A u i\ig u o i\i t a i l u u v u c

HO THUY OlfeM IMAM CHl£lM, HUYflV MUOIXIG LA,

TilMH SOIM LA

Nguyfen Tifen Chinh1, Trdn Quang Bio2

t 6 m t At

Bio bdo trinh bay vd phuong phdp va kdt qua phin cap dau ngudn cho luu vyc h6 thuy didn Nim Chidn,

Mudng La, Son La. Su dung 3 nhin to chinh anh huong ddn x6i m6n tidm ning trong luu vyc gom: d$ cao,

dO doc vi dang dia hinh dd phin cip. Co so phin chia dupe xic djnh cin cu theo phuong phip phin dp

dau nguon song M£ Kong, moi nhin to anh huong dugc chia thinh 3 d p tuong ung voi tidm ning xoi mdn

khic nhau. Ung dung GIS dd chdng ghep cic lop ban do Raster phin chia khu vuc nim trong luu vyc hd

thuy didn Nim Chidn thanh 3 cap diu nguon. Dd lua chgn dugc kidu sir dyng dit thich hgp vdi timg dp

diu ngudn, nghidn cuu di tidn hinh dinh gii die didm cic tr^ng thii rung ty nhidn; die didm vi hidu qui

tdng hgp cic md hinh rung trong, cic md hinh trdng ciy in qui, cic md hinh ciy lugng thyc. Trtn ca sd

dd, nghidn cuu di dd xuit dugc mgt sd giai phip su dung dit thich hgp cho timg d p diu ngudn trong luu

vyc thuy didn Nim Chidn.

Tukhda: Phin cip dau nguon, thuy di$n N$w Chii'n, luu vyc, sir dyng d it

1. BAT VAN

Liru vuc ho thuy didn Nam Chidn c6 vai trd quan

trQng cung cip nuoc cho nha mdy thuy didn Nam

Chidn vdi cdng suat 200 MW. Didn tich luu vuc co

dja hinh phuc tap, bj chia cat manh, ndn cdn gap

nhidu khd khan trong vide ap dung cac giai phap sir

dung bdn vung. Cac mo hinh canh tac nong nghidp

trong luu vuc thuong dugc hinh thanh mgt cach tu

phat, ndn hidu qua su dung dat chua mang tinh tong

hop vd kinh td va sinh thai. Day la mdt trong nhung

nguydn nhan chinh cd thd lam suy thoai cac bo phan

tai nguydn vimg dau nguon. Vide quy hoach va khai

thac didn tich dat nong nghidp chua hop ly dan ddn

tinh trang lin dat rimg lam nuong ray lam suy giam

kha nang phdng hd cua rimg, tang xdi mdn dat, giam

tudi thQ cua nha may thuy didn Nam Chidn. Dd giai

quydt van dd ndu trdn, nghidn cuu nay dugc thuc

hidn dfe dd xuit va ap dung dugc cac giai phap su

dyng dit hop ly voi tung don vj didn tich dat dai dd

dam bio su dung bdn vung nguon tai nguydn vimg

diu ngudn.

L nMNG PHtf MSMfN CUU

2.1. Phuong phap lu$n

Phan cip diu ngudn li phan chia vimg diu

nguon thinh nhung didn tich thuQc nhung cip diu

ngudn khic nhau, cip diu ngudn dugc xic dinh dya

vio muc dO nhay cam sinh thii cua vimg diu

1 D&i hQC Tfiy Bic

2 D*i hQC Lim Nghiep

ngudn. Phin cip diu ngudn li mOt cdng cy quan

trong cho quin ly bdn vung vimg diu ngudn. Mdi

cap diu ngudn thich hop vdi mot kidu su dyng dit

nhat dinh tuong ung vdi mpt hd thdng cic bidn

phip quin ly. Phin cip diu ngudn li co so tidn dd

cho vide quy hoach sir dung dit hop ly, li cdng cy

giup con ngudi dinh hudng su dung tii nguydn hidu

qui vi bdn vung.

22. Phuong phip phin cip diu ngudn

Tham khio phuong phip phin cip diu ngudn

sdng Md Kdng vi can cu vio pham vi phin cip dd

lua chQn cic nhin 16 anh hudng ddn cip ddu ngudn.

Tidn hinh phin cip cic nhin td anh hudng ddn cip

diu ngudn vi dinh gii tinh chinh xic cua kdt qui

phin cip trdn thuc dia bing vide su dung phuong

trinh phin cip diu ngudn. Su dung phuong phap

Raster chdng xdp cic ban dd sau khi da phan cip dd

tao thinh bin dd gii tri cip diu ngudn. Tidn hinh

phin chia bin dd gii tri cip diu ngudn thinh 3 cip:

xdi mdn tidm ndng thap, xdi mdn tidm nang trung

binh, xdi mdn tidm ning cao.

23. Phuong phip difeu tra ngoai nghifeP

• Difeu tra die difem cic trang thii rung: Dfe tii

lip 48 d tifeu chuin (OTC) vdi difen tich 1000 m2,

trong dd, cd 17 d rimg phuc hdi, 15 d rimg trung

binh, 11 d rimg trdng, 3 d rung nghfeo vi 2 d tre nua

dd difeu tra cic chi tifeu lifen quan dfen die difem ting

ciy cao, ting ciy thip, ldp tham khd.

- Difeu tra die difem cic md hinh su dyng dit

Mdi md hinh canh tic ndng nghidp lip 5 d tifeu chuin

NONG NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN N6NG THON - KY1 + 2 - THANG 2/2014 211