Một số nét khái quát về hệ thống giáo dục đại học ở cộng hòa Pháp

GIAO DUC NirbC NGOAI

MOI SONil KHAI OUATVNI THONG GIAO OOC DAI HOG

O CONG HOA PHAP

O PGS.TS. NGUYEN PHUONG NGOC "

Phdp Id mdt trong nhung nude ed nin gido

dye (GD) Idu ddi nhdt tren th i gidi - Dgi

hgc (DH) Sorbonne tgi Paris Id trudng OH

duge thdnh Igp tCr ddu the ki 12. Myc dich cuo

nin GD Phdp hien nay Id GD miln phi eho mgi

edng ddn d mgi cd'p do, eho mgi lua tudi; ngodi

ro, nhd nude cdn td chire vd gidm sdt ngi dung

GD, nhdm ddm bdo viee gidng dgy nhCrng gid

trj eo bdn Id nin tdng cuo ehe do cdng hod ddn

ehu, GD edng ddn xdy dyng mdtxd hgi vdn minh,

tdn trgng hr do cd nhdn, nhung ddng thdi mdi

ngudi cd y thuc ve Igi ich tdp the.

GDDH Phdp Id mdf he thdng da dgng vd phirc

tgp, kit qud cuo Ijeh su phdt trien nhilu the ki.

Mgt trudng OH cd the ddo tgo (OT) nhilu ehuyen

mdn, mdi ehuyen mdn duge gidng dgy d nhilu

trudng. Trudng.DH ed the Id trudng edng ldp hoge

tu nhdn. Trong he thd'ng ede trudng edng ldp Igi

edn ed nhilu logi trudng khde nhau: he thdng

trudng tdng hgp (Universite), he thdng ede trudng

Idn (Grandes Ecoles) vd mdt so ede trudng khde

nhu trudng bdc sT thu y hoy trudng kien true.

1. Cdc trudng thugc bdc DH

Trong bdng phdn loqi cuo Bd GD Phdp, nin

GDDH boo gdm 4 he DT: 1) He DT phd thdng:

(gdm cdc trudng tdng hgp; cdc Idp luyen thi vdo

cdc trudng Idn; ede trudng Idn boo gdm ehu yeu

ede trudng kT su, su phgm vd thuong nghiep; Y,

Dugc, Kiln true...); 2) He DT vira hgc vira ldm;

3) He DT nghe nghiep; 4) He DT lien tuc.

1.1. He thdng cdc trudng tdng hgp. Cdc

trudng tdng hgp nhdn HS cd bdng tdt nghiep trung

hgc khdng quo thi tuyin. LTnh vyc DT rdt da dqng:

khoo hgc ty nhien, khoo hgc xd hdi vd nhdn vdn,

ngoqi ngu, ludt, kinh te, cdc mdn nghe thudt, the

thao. Trudng Tdng hgp ed thi OT nhdn vien kT

thudt cdc edp eho den cdc nhd nghien cuu (bqe

tien sT vd tren tien sT). Thdi gian DT phong phu.

Tap Chi Giao due so 25 0 (k.2.11/201 o)

linh hoqt: ngdn nhdt Id 3 ndm (cu nhdn), ddi nhd't

Id 8 ndm (tiln sT).

Cdu true vd tdehuc cdc frudng fdng hgp: Cac

trudng tdng hgp tryc thude Bd GD Id bd phdn

chju trdeh nhiem DT do sd SVDH. Cdc trudng tdng

hgp diu Id trudng nhd nude.

Theo tinh thdn Hien phdp Cgng hod Phdp vd

Luqt GD, mgi HS td't nghiep trung hgc di u cd

quyln vdo hgc OH d trudng tdng hgp md khdng

trdi quo che dd thi tuyen. Mgi SV di u cd quyln

theo hgc hit giai dogn I cuo bdc DH de ldy bdng

eu nhdn (trinh do Bae-i-3), tire Id tu ndm thu nhd't

eho den hit ndm thu bo. Nhirng HS khdng ed

bdng td't nghiep trung hgc nhung dd cd kinh

nghiem nghi nghiep, eung ed the theo hgc mdt

khod hgc dqc biet de ndng coo trinh do vd ddng

ki vdo thdng ndm thu nhd't DH. Tuy nhien, de khdng

che so lugng SV nhdt djnh md khdng trdi qua

khdu tuyen chgn, ede hd so duge xep theo thu ty

thdi gian nop vd trudng ngirng nhdn hd so khi sd

SV nhdn vdo dd du.

Cdc trudng tdng hgp nhdn Idm thu tyc ddng

ki hgc vdo ddu thdng 9. Tir thdng 5, HS dd ed

t h i bdt ddu Idm thu tyc chudn bj ddng kf tren

mqng internet. HS cd the ddng kf vdo nhilu

trudng (dl phdng trudng hgp khdng duge nhqn

vdo mdt trudng ndo dd). Nguyen tde khdng thi

tuyen Id dgc diem ehu yl u cuo he thd'ng trudng

tdng hgp.

Tdm Iqi, bdt ki HS tdt nghiep trung hgc ndo d

Phdp eung ed quyen vdo hgc DH. Tuy nhien, tiiy

tirng ngdnh vd tirng trudng, tirng thdi diem md

tuyen chgn vdi mue do khd d l khde nhau. Tren

thye tl , ed khodng 1 / 3 din 40% SV dong hgc

ndm thif 2 DH dd phdi quo mdt hinh thue tuyen

chgn, hoqe ngay sou khi thi td't nghiep phd thdng,

hoqe sou khi hgc ndm thir nhd't.

* TnrPng Dai hpc long hpp Alix - Marsseille I - Cpng hoa Phap