Một số đề xuất về phát triển giáo dục đại học Việt Nam

dki Khoa hpc Giao due

M O T S O O E XUA T V E PHA T TRIE N GIA O DU C DA I HO C VIE T NAM 1

GS.TSKH. VO QUdC PHONG

Dai hgc Ohio, My

LTS. GS. TSKH. VQ Qudc Phong hien giang day tai Dai hgc Ohio, My, dng

la nha khoa hoc cd nhieu tam huyet ddi voi sir nghiep giao dye nuxrc nha.

Mdi day GS co gui cho chung tdi bai viet "Hir&ng di cho dai hoc Viet Nam (10

khuyen nghj ve nhimg van de nen lam va cd the lam dwoc)". Do khudn kho

cua tap chi co han, chiing toi trich dang mpt so khuyen nghj cua GS. Xin tran

trong gidi thieu ciing ban doc.

Nen giao due Viet Nam, dac biet la giao due

dai hoc (DH), vln dang tiep tuc la moi quan

tam cua cong chung. Trong bai viet nay, toi muon

de xuat mot so bien phap cu the, nhCrng "viec can

lam ngay", ma theo thien y cua tdi, se cd tac dung

nhanh lam cho nen giao due DH cua dat nude phat

trien tot hon.

NhCrng de xuat trong bai viet nay mdt phan

dya tren nhCrng dieu tdi quan sat tir- thyc te d cac

trudng DH d Viet Nam, cung nhu d cac trudng

DH d Lien X6 (cu), My, CHLB Due, Phap, Nhat

Ban, Dai Loan, Han Quoc (va mdt so nude khac),

noi toi da cd dip hpc tap, nghien cuu va giang day.

Tdi cho rang each tot nhat de chung ta di dung

hudng va rut ngan thdi gian can thiet la su dung,

khong sao chep may moc ma cd tinh den nhung

dieu kien cu the, nhung kien thuc va kinh nghiem

trong giao due dai hpc ma loai ngudi da tich luy

dupe.

1. D^i hoc tu thuc vi lai nhuan va phi lai

nhu^in.

Mpt trong nhung muc tieu cua giao due la tinh

tiep can dwgc, ndi mpt each ndm na, nhirng hoc

sinh cd nhu cau hgc (d trinh dd twong xdng) thi

dugc nh$n vao hQC va cd the hoc dugc. "Tiep can

dupe" cdn dupe gpi la "pho cap", song tu "pho

cap" thudng dupe hieu nhu la tiep can dupe

hoan toan, cdn "tiep can dupe" ndi len muc tieu

de vuon tdi.

6 nude ta, van de tiep can dupe cua giao due

DH chu yeu vln la so trudng dai hpc cdn it va quy

md nhd (so vdi dan so), va mpt he thong thi tuyen

vao dai hpc co nhieu diem bat cap.

Trong khoang 10 nam trd lai day, d Viet Nam

nhieu trudng OH, cao dang (CD) mdi dupe md ra,

da so la trudng tu thuc vi Igi nhuan. Mdt so trudng

tu thuc vi Ipi nhuan tuyen bo rang hoat dpng giao

due cua hp la phi Ipi nhuan. Nhung dd chi la Idi

ndi, la khau hieu quang cao, khdng dupe bao dam

bdi cac khung phap li, do dd tren thyc te tat ca

nhO-ng trudng do vin la trudng vi Ipi nhuan.

Cin xac djnh cac mat han chi ve npi ta\ ciia

loai truong vi Ipi nhuan. Mpt la, cac npi dung

giang day se d i chay theo xu hudng thda man

cac nhu ciu ngan han cua thj trudng lao dpng,

rit han che cac dau tu nghien cu*u khoa hpc. Hai

la, each dieu hanh hoan toan theo md hinh cdng

ty d i din den cac trudng vi Ipi nhuan se hy sinh

chit lupng giang day, chay theo thue cac giang

vien kiem nhiem de tra tien cdng re va de khdng bj

cac rang bupc lau dai. Ba la, thieu dpi ngu giang

vien chinh thuc, nhung trudng tuthuc vi Ipi nhu#n

se khd cd the phat then cac chuong trinh hpc mpt

each cd he thong va co chit lupng. Bon la, khdng

the keu gpi cac nha tu thien ddng gdp cho trudng,

trong khi lai cdn phai tra co tuc cho cac co ddng,

lam han chi dang ke cac kha nang dau tu de phat

then trudng.

,.Vi nhung nguyen nhan dd, cac trudng DH tw

vi Igi nhuan chi cd the ddng gdp mpt phan nao

dd vao sw nghiep giao due dai hoc, chir khdng

the ddng vai trd tru cpt dwge. Niu khdng xac djnh

dupe nhu vay, chung ta cd thi d i xay ra tinh trang

nha nude khdng quan tam diu tu dung muc de

phat triin cac trudng DH cdng lap va OH tw thuc

phi Igi nhuan.

Quan sat giao due DH d cac nude tren the gidi,

tdi cd nhan xet la khdng cd nwdc nao cd nhiiu cac

trwdng tw thuc vi Igi nhuan nhw d Vipt Nam.

1. Dau de do Ban bien tap dgt

KHGD so 61, thang 10-2010 49