Grammar 12

Reported speech

A. Câu phát biểu

- He said : “ I have lost my pen this morning.”

 He said that he had lost his pen that morning.

- She said to him: “I will go with you tomorrow.”

 She told him that she would go with him the next day.

Ghi nhôù : muoán ñoåi moät caâu tröïc tieáp sang caâu giaùn tieáp, ta phaûi :

+ Giöõ nguyeân ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu said hoaëc ñoåi said to thaønh told neáu coù tuùc töø.

+ Thay ñoåi ñaïi töø nhaân xöng, tính töø sôû höõu… Ngoâi thöù 1(I/we/me/my..) ñoåi thaønh ngoâi thöù nhö chuû

töø(subject)ôû meänh ñeà chính. Ngoâi thöù 2 (you/your)ñoåi thaønh ngoâi thöù cuûa tuùc töø. Ngoâi thöù 3(he/she/they..) giöõ

nguyeân khoâng ñoåi.

+ Thay ñoåi thì cuûa ñoäng töø trong caâu : baèng caùch cho luøi veà quaù khöù moät baäc.

Direct speech Reported speech

- simple present  - simple past

- present cont  - past continuous

- present perfect  - past perfect

- simple past  - past perfect

- past continuous  - past perfect continuous

- present per.cont  - past perfect continuous

- simple future  - present conditional (should/would)

- past perfect  - past perfect

- perfect conditional  - unchanged (không đổi)

+ Thay m ộ t s ố t ừ th ờ i gian &à n ơ i ch ố n.

- now  - then

- today / tonight  - that day / that night

-tonight  - that night

- tomorrow  - the following day / the next day

- yesterday  - the previous day / the day before

- next week / month…  - the following week / month…

- last week /month…  - the week before /the month before…

- the day before yesterday  - two days before

- the day after tomorrow  - in two days’ time

- ago  - before

- tomorrow morning  - the following morning

- last Tuesday  - the Tuesday before

- right now  - at once

- here  - there

- this / these  - that / those

- He said : “ I’ll come here to take this book.”

 He said that he would come there to take that book.

- They said to us : “You must do this work right now.”

 They told us that we had to do that work at once.

* Khi caâu ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu ôû hieän taïi ñôn, thì cuûa ñoäng töø trong caâu giaùn tieáp khoâng

ñoåi vaø caùc töø chæ thôøi gian hoaëc nôi choán vaãn giöõ nguyeân.