GRAMMAR 12

Châu Quỳnh Giang

Baøi 13 : CAÙCH BIEÁN ÑOÅI CAÂU

(TRANSFORMATION)

Caùch bieán ñoåi caâu laø caùch ta vieát laïi caâu theo moät caáu truùc môùi (thöôøng ñöôïc cho tröôùc) maø

khoâng thay ñoåi nghóa cuûa caâu ban ñaàu.

* Ví duï 1 : Haõy vieát laïi caâu sau ñaây :

- He didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill.

 Because of……

Theo ví duï treân, ta vieát laïi caâu baèng “Because of…” , coù nghóa laø ta bieán meänh ñeà “ he was

ill” thaønh moät cuïm töø, vì sau “because of” ta phaûi duøng moät cuïm töø. Nhö vaäy, caâu vieát laïi coù

theå laø :

 Because of his illness, he didn’t go to school yesterday.

Hoaëc  Because of being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.

Hoaëc  Because of his being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.

* Ví duï 2 : Haõy vieát laïi caâu sau ñaây :

- They built that house a century ago.

 That house……

Theo ví duï treân, caâu vieát laïi baét ñaàu baèng “That house” – moät tuùc töø – coù nghóa laø ta vieát laïi

caâu naøy ôû daïng bò ñoäng (passive voice). Nhö vaäy, caâu vieát laïi nhö sau :

 That house was built a century ago.

* Ví duï 3 : Haõy vieát laïi caâu sau ñaây :

- He didn’t go out because he didn’t have time.

 If……

Theo ví duï treân, caâu vieát laïi baét ñaàu baèng “If”, coù nghóa laø ta vieát laïi caâu naøy thaønh caâu ñieàu

kieän khoâng coù thaät ôû quaù khöù (loaïi 3) vì thì cuûa ñoäng töø ôû quaù khöù. Caâu vieát laïi nhö sau :

 If he had had time, he would have gone out.

* Ví duï 4 : Haõy vieát laïi caâu sau ñaây :

- The last time I saw her was five years ago.

 I haven’t…………

Theo ví duï treân, caâu vieát laïi seõ ôû thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh vì caâu baét ñaàu baèng “I haven’t……”

 I haven’t seen her for five years.

(ago khoâng ñöôïc duøng ôû thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh, neân ta duøng for ñeå thay theá.)

* Ví duï 5 : Haõy vieát laïi caâu sau ñaây :

- His house is bigger than mine.

 My house isn’t………

Theo ví duï treân, caâu vieát laïi seõ chuyeån thaønh daïng so saùnh baèng ôû theå phuû ñònh.

 My house isn’t as big as his.

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