eknowledge transformation phần 3 pptx

What is e-Knowledge?

2 4 Tr a n s f o rming e-Knowledge

I n t e rfaces with Knowledge Sourc e s .

To d a y, knowledge is made available thro u g h

c o n versation, books, other physical re p re￾sentations, and graphical user interf a c e s

with digital sources of explicit know l e d g e .

In the future, individuals will enjoy more

n u m e rous and capable interfaces with

digital re s o u rces. The range of interf a c e

options with digital knowledge will

i n c rease dramatically. Individuals will

communicate with digital devices thro u g h

speech, handwriting, gestures, and/or key￾b o a rding. Output will be re c e i ved on a

wider variety of ambient, mobile, or per￾sonal displays. Mo re ove r, the communica￾tion with digital re s o u rces will encompass

tacit and explicit knowledge, conve yed in

images, speech, text, graphics, and multi￾ple media at once.

A far richer combination of schematic,

graphics, simulations, and syntheses of

k n owledge will be used to array know l￾edge relationships. Individuals and gro u p s

w o rking on projects will be able to

arrange, display, and manipulate complex

combinations of knowledge in a variety of

amenable ways. Previous generations

d e veloped skills in manipulating and pre￾senting knowledge. Fu t u re generations

will hone greater skills in analyzing,

reframing, utilizing, and sharing know l￾edge—at a faster pace and in real time.

Intensity of Engagement with Knowl -

edge Sourc e s . To d a y’s pre vailing model

of engagement with digital know l e d g e

re s o u rces re q u i res concentration on a key￾b o a rd and mouse communication thro u g h

a GUI display. Attention is re q u i red and

actions taken on the body of know l e d g e

a re consciously dire c t e d .

In our Knowledge Age future, individuals

will engage knowledge sources in a va r i e t y

of modes ranging from ambient/peripheral

to direct/highly engaged. Mo re ove r, the

capability to deploy agents to perf o r m

k n owledge searches and aggregation will

facilitate brief periods of engagement fol￾l owed by movement to other tasks while the

s e a rches and aggregation are conducted.

The physical act of engaging knowledge will

be more intense, enabling users to engage,

manipulate, and combine an avalanche of

images, text, audio, and other media.

Time Sequence for Accessing Knowledge.

To d a y, most knowledge is pre - a c q u i re d

and collected for decision-making,

p roduct development, and policymaking.

The shelf life of decisions is set by the

timeframes for change in the enviro n m e n t

and timeframe to assemble know l e d g e

n e c e s s a ry for decisions.

In our future, we will develop the capacity

to seek and manipulate knowledge with

g reat fluidity and speed. To a far gre a t e r

extent than today, users will acquire and use

k n owledge on a just-in-time basis. Pl a i n

language communication with expert / e xe c￾u t i ve data warehouses will become

common practice for managers, analysts,

customer service re p re s e n t a t i ves, and eve n

consumers. Alternative sources and per￾s p e c t i ves can be considered, selected,

and/or abandoned rapidly. The shelf life of

n e e d - t o - k n ow knowledge and the time to

make knowledge-based decisions will

decline dramatically. The knowledge assim￾ilation and decision-making experiences

will fuse and change substantially.

Reliance on Agents, Expert Advice ,

S y n t h e s i s . To d a y’s generation of agents

and search engines are puny in compari￾son with the knowledge-seeking tools and

the knowledge repositories that will

emerge over the coming five to ten ye a r s .

In our future, these agents will be perva￾s i ve, powe rful, and plentiful. Mo re ove r,

the knowledge repositories and mark e t￾places they access will be extensive and

easily used.

Having all the information in the world at

o n e’s fingertips is a curse, not a blessing,

for most individuals. Consequently, most

individuals will rely heavily on vetted (re f￾e reed) sources of information, prove n

It’s not the strongest of the

species that survive, nor the

most intelligent, but the ones

most responsive to change.

Charles Darwin

m a rketplaces, and syntheses of insight

p rovided by re c o g n i zed experts. Eve n

when they use agents to collect know l e d g e

and insight, many individuals will dire c t

the agents to favor vetted sourc e s .

Ability to Multi-task Knowledge Stre a m s .

To d a y’s knowledge navigators quickly fill

their personal know l e d g e - p rocessing band￾widths. Multi-tasking is limited seve rely by

the state of today’s knowledge tools.

The combination of high amenity inter￾faces, ambient re s o u rces, agents, and peer￾re v i ewed knowledge marketplaces will dra￾matically reduce the time re q u i red for

k n owledge search and synthesis. Know l￾edge navigators will be able to draw upon

m o re streams of knowledge at one time

without ove rwhelming their limited atten￾tion capacity.

Amenity of the Knowledge Experience.

Amenity has been achieved by traditional

means of acquiring and sharing know l￾e d g e — c o n versation, books, new s p a p e r s ,

other print media, television, video, and

the like. These media usually fit seamlessly

into our lives. On the other hand, today’s

experience of engaging digital know l e d g e

is still uncomfortable and distinct fro m

o n e’s other activities.

In our future, engagement with digital

k n owledge will acquire amenity. The phys￾ical interfaces, means of interacting, lan￾guages, and other aspects of the know l e d g e

experience will be familiar and easy. In

some cases they be peripheral, indistin￾guishable, even invo l u n t a ry. For know l e d g e

d e n i zens buying into accelerated know l￾edge sharing, perva s i ve interactivity and

k n owledge engagement will be as much a

p a rt of life as bre a t h i n g .

The Challenge of Accommodating

D i ff e rent Knowledge Experiences

As we enter this brave new world of

quantum leaps in the velocity and accel￾eration of knowledge assimilation, a

variety of challenges will emerge. T h e

g reatest will be the divide between what

Ma rc Prensky labels “digital native s”

(net or digital generation people), who

a re comfortable with using digital tools

to accelerate ways of experiencing

k n owledge, and “digital immigrants”

(some generation X people and most

Ba by Boomers), who are programmed to

experience knowledge in slow, sequential,

and long-shelf-life ways. As digital native s

embrace the new ways of experiencing

k n owledge, think of the existing gaps that

will become chasms in our organiza￾t i o n s — b e t ween managers and fro n t - l i n e

w o rkers, between faculty and learners,

b e t ween boards of directors and staffs.

To a greater extent than we pre v i o u s l y

thought, people can acquire new ways of

thinking and experiencing know l e d g e .

But it is hard work. The easy part of the

e - k n owledge re volution will be deve l o p￾ing the infrastru c t u res, tools, pro c e s s e s ,

and competencies for e-knowledge use

among the d i g e r a t i . The harder task will

be for organizations to enable and incen￾t i v i ze both digital natives a n d d i g i t a l

immigrants to embrace new ways of expe￾riencing know l e d g e.

New Experiences Shape New

Behaviors, Practices, and Social

G ro u p i n g s

How will new ways of experiencing

k n owledge change the behavior and social

patterns of knowledge-seeking individuals

and enterprises in the Knowledge Age?

And how could that lead to new social and

economic stru c t u res and processes based

on knowledge? The following practices of

people on the leading edge of the Know l￾edge Age may yield some clues.

S w a rming. Preteens in Finland, young pro￾fessional in Ko rea, and Senate staffers in

Washington D.C. all have one thing in

common: they swarm. Swarming is the

behavior pattern of groups of amorphous

g roups of cell phone users who communi￾cate to one another about where the best

What is e-Knowledge?

Tr a n s f o rming e-Knowledge 2 5

The real danger is not that

computers will begin to think

like men, but that men will

begin to think like computers.

Sydney Harris