Dictionary of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Part 6 potx

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136DICTIONARY OF TRAVEL, TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

public utilities Industries supplying essen￾tial basic public services, such as electricity,

gas, water and telephones, i.e., providing

infrastructure for economic development,

which often have a character of natural

monopoly.

public works Social infrastructure such as

roads and housing, financed by Government.

Such spending is often advocated during a

depression, in order to alleviate unemploy￾ment and stimulate economic activity.

publicity Means of securing public attention,

other than advertising, through news value,

artistic, entertainment or other merit, e.g., in

feature articles in the press, books and broad￾casting programmes. Unlike in advertising,

which represents the purchase of advertising

space or time and where the advertiser has

control over the message, no charge is made by

the media, which decide whether or not and

how information is used by them.

Pula (P) Unit of currency of Botswana.

Pullman Named after the designer G.M.

Pullman, term applied to a railway carriage

providing seating and sleeping accommoda￾tion of high standard on American as well as

European trains, described in North America

as parlor car. Also sometimes used as name of

the company providing such accommodation,

e.g., the Pullman Car Co. Ltd, owned by the

British Transport Commission, operated some

200 Pullman cars over British Railways lines as

a separate organization until the early 1960s.

See also couchette; roomette; Wagon-Lits.

purpose of trip/visit The reason for which a

trip/visit is undertaken. In surveys data are

usually collected on the main purpose, i.e., the

reason in the absence of which the trip/visit

would not take place, although it may be

supplemented or expanded by another

purpose, e.g., business as main purpose

followed by holiday (vacation). Three main

groups of reasons are evident in literature:

holiday (vacation), business, common inter￾est. Six major groups are recommended by the

World Tourism Organization for statistical

purposes: leisure, recreation and holidays;

visiting friends and relatives; business and

professional; health treatment; religion/

pilgrimage; other.

purser A passenger ship’s officer responsible

for accounts, supplies and various passenger

services.

push–pull theory Theory first used in

connection with migration, which suggests

that people are pushed by adverse conditions

(such as unemployment or political repression)

to leave an area, and are at the same time

attracted by an area with favourable conditions

(such as employment prospects or freedom).

The theory has been more recently extended to

explain by analogy tourism, where it seems

equally self-evident (whether on climatic or

other grounds). See determinants of tourism;

sunlust; wanderlust.

DICTIONARY OF TERMS

137

quadrennial Every four years.

Qualiflyer Group Airline alliance of (June

2001) Air Europe, Air Liberté, Air Littoral,

AOM, Crossair, LOT Polish Airlines, PGA

Portugalia, Swissair/Sabena, TAP Air

Portugal, Turkish Airlines, Volare, formed

March 1998.

quango An acronym formed from abbrevia￾tion of quasi-autonomous non-governmental

organization, a semi-public body in the UK

appointed and financed by government, but

not a government department. Examples

include the British Tourist Authority and

other statutory tourist boards.

quarantine Isolation imposed by health

authorities on persons or animals that might

spread infectious disease. When a ship is under

quarantine, no one is allowed to go on board

or disembark. Particularly strict restrictions

are applied by UK authorities to animals

brought into the country.

quart Measure of cubic capacity equal to a

quarter of a gallon or two pints. A British quart

equals 1.136 litres, a US quart 0.946 of a litre.

quay A solid structure, usually of stone or

iron alongside or projecting into water, used as

a landing stage and for loading and unloading

ships. See also pier; wharf.

queen room A hotel room with a queen

(size) bed.

queen (size) Term used to describe an extra

wide, extra long double bed, approx. 60 3 80

in. (150 3 200 cm). See also king (size).

Queen’s Awards Annual awards to British

firms and other organizations to recognize

outstanding performance in their respective

fields, initially for export and technological

achievement; the Queen’s Award for

Environmental Achievement was launched in

1993. Following a review in 1999, the scheme

was renamed the Queen’s Awards for

Enterprise. In 2002, 131 organizations

received awards: 85 for International Trade,

37 for Innovation, 9 for Sustainable

Development. In most recent years awards

were made to firms in travel, tourism and

hospitality industries.

Queenslander Australian rail service linking

Brisbane and Cairns.

Quetzal (Q) Unit of currency of Guatemala.

queue jumping Practice of going ahead of

one’s turn in a queue or waiting list, known in

USA as cutting in line.

quicksand A mass of loose fine sand,

sometimes mixed with mud, supersaturated

with water to be found on some coasts and

near river mouths, which tends to suck down

any heavy object, including a person.

quinquennial Every five years.

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