Dictionary of third edition A & C Black London Phần 9 pot

share capital /ʃeə
kpt(ə)l/ noun

the value of the assets of a company

held as shares

share certificate /ʃeə sə
tfkət/

noun a document proving that you own

shares

shareholder /ʃeəhəυldə/ noun a person who owns shares in a company

to call a shareholders’ meeting (NOTE:

The US term is stockholder.)

‘…as of last night the bank’s shareholders no

longer hold any rights to the bank’s shares’

[South China Morning Post]

‘…the company said that its recent issue of

10.5% convertible preference shares at A$8.50

has been oversubscribed, boosting shareholders’

funds to A$700 million plus’ [Financial Times]

shareholders’ equity /
ʃeəhəυldəz

ekwti/ noun 1. the value of a com- pany which is the property of its ordi- nary shareholders (the company’s assets

less its liabilities) 2. a company’s capital

which is invested by shareholders, who

thus become owners of the company

shareholders’ funds /
ʃeəhəυldəz

fndz/ noun the capital and reserves of

a company

shareholding /ʃeəhəυldŋ/ noun a group of shares in a company owned by

one owner

share incentive scheme /
ʃeər n- sentv skim/ noun same as share op￾tion scheme

share index /ʃeər
ndeks/ noun an index figure based on the current market

price of certain shares on a stock

exchange

share issue /ʃeər
ʃu/ noun an act

of selling new shares in a company to

the public

share option /ʃeər
ɒpʃən/ noun a right to buy or sell shares at a certain

price at a time in the future

share option scheme /ʃeər

ɒpʃən skim/ noun a scheme that gives

company employees the right to buy

shares in the company which employs

them, often at a special price

shareout /ʃeəraυt/ noun an act of di- viding something among many people

a shareout of the profits

share premium /ʃeə
primiəm/

noun an amount to be paid above the

nominal value of a share in order to buy

it

share premium account /ʃeə

primiəm ə
kaυnt/ noun a part of

shareholders’ funds in a company,

formed of the premium paid for new

shares sold above par (the par value of

the shares is the nominal capital of the

company)

share register /ʃeə
red$stə/ noun

a list of shareholders in a company with

their addresses

share split /ʃeə splt/ noun the act

of dividing shares into smaller

denominations

share warrant /ʃeə
wɒrənt/ noun a document which says that someone has

the right to a number of shares in a

company

sharing /ʃeərŋ/ noun the act of di- viding up

shark repellent /ʃɑk r
pelənt/

noun an action taken by a company to

make itself less attractive to takeover

bidders

sharp /ʃɑp/ adjective sudden
There

was a sharp rally on the stock market.

Last week’s sharp drop in prices has

been reversed.

sharply /ʃɑpli/ adverb suddenly

Shares dipped sharply in yesterday’s

trading.

sharp practice /ʃɑp prkts/ noun

a way of doing business which is not

honest, but is not illegal

shekel /ʃek(ə)l/ noun a unit of cur- rency used in Israel

shelf /ʃelf/ noun a horizontal flat sur- face attached to a wall or in a cupboard

on which items for sale are displayed

The shelves in the supermarket were full

of items before the Christmas rush.

shelf registration /ʃelf

red$streʃ(ə)n/ noun a registration of

a corporation with the SEC some time

(up to two years is allowed) before it is

offered for sale to the public

shell company /ʃel
kmp(ə)ni/

noun a company which does not trade,

but exists only as a name with a quota- tion of the Stock Exchange (NOTE: The

US term is shell corporation.)

‘…shell companies, which can be used to hide

investors’ cash, figure largely throughout the

twentieth century’ [Times]

share capital 324 shell company

shelter /ʃeltə/ noun a protected place

verb to give someone or something

protection

sheriff’s sale /ʃerfs sel/ noun US

a public sale of the goods of a person

whose property has been seized by the

courts because he has defaulted on

payments

shilling /ʃlŋ/ noun a unit of cur- rency used in Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania

and Uganda

shipment /ʃpmənt/ noun an act of

sending goods
We make two ship- ments a week to France.

shipping company /ʃpŋ

kmp(ə)ni/ noun a company whose

business is in transporting goods or pas- sengers in ships

shogun bond /ʃəυn bɒnd/ noun

a bond issued in Japan by a

non-Japanese company in a currency

which is not the yen. Compare samurai

bond

shoot up /
ʃut p/ verb to go up fast

Prices have shot up during the strike.

(NOTE: shooting – shot)

shop /ʃɒp/ noun 1. a retail outlet

where goods of a certain type are sold

a computer shop
an electrical goods

shop
All the shops in the centre of

town close on Sundays.
She opened a

women’s clothes shop. 2. a workshop,

the place in a factory where goods are

made verb to go to shops to make pur- chases (NOTE: shopping – shopped)

shop around /
ʃɒp əraυnd/ verb to

go to various shops or suppliers and

compare prices before making a pur- chase or before placing an order
You

should shop around before getting your

car serviced.
He’s shopping around

for a new computer.
It pays to shop

around when you are planning to get a

mortgage.

shopper /ʃɒpə/ noun a person who

buys goods in a shop
The store stays

open to midnight to cater for late-night

shoppers.

shoppers’ charter /
ʃɒpəz tʃɑtə/

noun a law which protects the rights of

shoppers against shopkeepers who are

not honest or against manufacturers of

defective goods

shopping /ʃɒpŋ/ noun 1. goods

bought in a shop
a basket of shopping

2. the act of going to shops to buy things

to do your shopping in the local

supermarket

shopping basket /ʃɒpŋ
bɑskt/

noun a basket used for carrying shop- ping (NOTE: Its imaginary contents are

used to calculate a consumer price in￾dex.)

shopping cart /ʃɒpŋ kɑt/ noun a software package that records the items

that an online buyer selects for purchase

together with associated data, e.g. the

price of the item and the number of

items required

shop price /ʃɒp pras/ noun same as retail price

short /ʃɔt/ adjective, adverb 1. for a

small period of time in the short term

in the near future or quite soon to bor- row short to borrow for a short period

2. not as much as should be
The ship- ment was three items short.
My

change was £2 short. when we

cashed up we were £10 short we had

£10 less than we should have had to

give short weight to sell something

which is lighter than it should be to be

short of a stock not to have shares

which you will need in the future (as op￾posed to being ‘long’ of a stock) to

sell short, to go short to agree to sell at

a future date something (such as shares)

which you do not possess, but which

you think you will be able to buy for

less before the time comes when you

have to sell them verb to sell short

He shorted the stock at $35 and contin- ued to short it as the price moved up.

short bill /ʃɔt bl/ noun a bill of ex- change payable at short notice

short-change /
ʃɔt tʃend$/ verb

to give a customer less change than is

right, either by mistake or in the hope

that it will not be noticed

short credit /ʃɔt kredt/ noun

terms which allow the customer only a

little time to pay

short-dated bill /ʃɔt
detd bl/

noun a bill which is payable within a

few days

short-dated gilts /ʃɔt
detd

lts/ plural noun same as shorts

short-dated securities /ʃɔt

detd skjυərtiz/ plural noun same as shorts

shelter 325 short-dated securities

shorten /ʃɔt(ə)n/ verb to make

shorter
to shorten credit terms

shortfall /ʃɔtfɔl/ noun an amount

which is missing which would make the

total expected sum
We had to borrow

money to cover the shortfall between ex- penditure and revenue.

short lease /ʃɔt lis/ noun a lease

which runs for up to two or three years

We have a short lease on our current

premises.

short position /ʃɔt pəzʃ(ə)n/

noun a situation where an investor sells

short (i.e. sells forward shares which he

or she does not own). Compare long

position

short-range forecast /
ʃɔt rend$

fɔkɑst/ noun a forecast which covers

a period of a few months

shorts /ʃɔts/ plural noun government

stocks which mature in less than five

years’ time

short sale /ʃɔt sel/, short selling

/ʃɔt selŋ/ noun arranging to sell

something in the future which you think

you can buy for less than the agreed

selling price

short sellers /ʃɔt seləz/ plural

noun people who contract to sell a share

in the future, expecting the price to fall

so that they can it buy more cheaply be￾fore they have to close the sale

short-term /
ʃɔt t%m/ adjective 1.

for a period of weeks or months
to

place money on short-term deposit

She is employed on a short-term con- tract. on a short-term basis for a

short period 2. for a short period in the

future
We need to recruit at once to

cover our short-term manpower

requirements.

short-term forecast /
ʃɔt t%m

fɔkɑst/ noun a forecast which covers

a period of a few months

short-termism /ʃɔt t%mz(ə)m/

noun the fact of taking a short-term

view of the market, i.e. not planning for

a long-term investment

short-term loan /
ʃɔt t%m ləυn/

noun a loan which has to be repaid

within a few weeks or some years

short-term paper /
ʃɔt t%m

pepə/ noun a promissory note, draft,

etc. payable at less than nine months

short-term security /
ʃɔt t%m s- kjυərti/ noun a security which ma- tures in less than 5 years

short-term support /
ʃɔt t%m sə- pɔt/ noun support for a currency in the

international market, where the central

bank can borrow funds from other cen- tral banks for a short period

show of hands /
ʃəυ əv hndz/

noun a vote where people show how

they vote by raising their hands
The

motion was carried on a show of hands.

COMMENT: If it is difficult to decide which

side has won in a show of hands, a ballot

may be taken.

shrink /ʃrŋk/ verb to get smaller

The market has shrunk by 20%.
The

company is having difficulty selling into

a shrinking market. (NOTE: shrinking –

shrank – has shrunk)

shrinkage /ʃrŋkd$/ noun 1. the

amount by which something gets

smaller
to allow for shrinkage 2.

losses of stock through theft, especially

by the shop’s own staff (informal.)

shroff /ʃrɒf/ noun (in the Far East) an accountant

SIB abbreviation Securities and Invest￾ments Board

SICAV abbreviation société

d’investissement à capital variable

side /sad/ noun a part of something

near the edge

sideline /sadlan/ noun a business

which is extra to your normal work

He runs a profitable sideline selling

postcards to tourists.

sight /sat/ noun the act of seeing bill payable at sight a bill which must

be paid when it is presented to buy

something sight unseen to buy some- thing without having inspected it

‘…if your company needed a piece of

equipment priced at about $50,000, would you

buy it sight unseen from a supplier you had

never met?’ [Nation’s Business]

sight bill /sat bl/ noun a bill of ex- change which is payable at sight

sight deposit /sat d
pɒzt/ noun a bank deposit which can be withdrawn

on demand

sight draft /sat drɑft/ noun a bill

of exchange which is payable when it is

presented

shorten 326 sight draft

sight letter of credit /sat
letə əv

kredt/ noun a letter of credit which is

paid when the necessary documents

have been presented

sight note /sat nəυt/ noun a de- mand note, a promissory note which

must be paid when it is presented

sign /san/ verb to write your name in

a special way on a document to show

that you have written it or approved it

The letter is signed by the managing

director.
Our company cheques are

not valid if they have not been signed by

the finance director.
The new recruit

was asked to sign the contract of

employment.

signal /sn(ə)l/ noun a warning mes- sage
The Bank of England’s move

sent signals to the currency markets.

verb to send warning messages about

something
The resolutions tabled for

the AGM signalled the shareholders’

lack of confidence in the management of

the company.

signatory /snət(ə)ri/ noun a per￾son who signs a contract, etc.
You

have to get the permission of all the sig￾natories to the agreement if you want to

change the terms.

signature /sntʃə/ noun a person’s

name written by themselves on a

cheque, document or letter
He found a

pile of cheques on his desk waiting for

signature.
All our company’s cheques

need two signatures.
The contract of

employment had the personnel direc- tor’s signature at the bottom.

signature guarantee /
snətʃə

rənti/ noun a guarantee, such as a

company stamp, that someone’s signa- ture is authorised as correct

silent partner /
salənt pɑtnə/

noun a partner who has a share of the

business but does not work in it

silver /slvə/ noun a precious metal

traded on commodity markets such as

the London Metal Exchange

simple average /
smp(ə)l

v(ə)rd$/ noun same as average

simple interest /
smpəl ntrəst/

noun interest calculated on the capital

invested only, and not added to it

single /sŋ(ə)l/ adjective 1. one alone 2. in single figures less than ten

Sales are down to single figures.
In￾flation is now in single figures. noun a person who is not married

single-company PEP /
sŋ(ə)l

kmp(ə)ni pep/ noun a PEP which

holds shares in one single company (up

to £3,000 can be invested in the shares

of just one company and protected from

tax in this way)

single-entry bookkeeping

/
sŋ(ə)l
entri bυkkipŋ/ noun a method of bookkeeping where pay- ments or sales are noted with only one

entry per transaction (usually in the cash

book)

single European market /
sŋ(ə)l

jυərəpiən mɑkt/, single market

/
sŋ(ə)l mɑkt/ noun the EU consid- ered as one single market, with no tariff

barriers between its member states

single-figure inflation /
sŋ(ə)l

fə nfleʃ(ə)n/ noun inflation rising

at less than 10% per annum

single filer /
sŋ(ə)l falə/ noun US

an unmarried individual who files an in￾come tax return

single-life annuity /
sŋ(ə)l laf ə- njuti/ noun an annuity which is paid

only to one beneficiary, and stops when

he or she dies (as opposed to a ‘joint-life

annuity’)

single premium policy /sŋ(ə)l

primiəm/ noun an insurance policy

where only one premium is paid rather

than regular annual premiums

sink /sŋk/ verb 1. to go down sud- denly
Prices sank at the news of the

closure of the factory. 2. to invest

money (into something)
He sank all

his savings into a car-hire business.

(NOTE: sinking – sank – sunk)

sinking fund /sŋkŋ fnd/ noun a fund built up out of amounts of money

put aside regularly to meet a future

need, such as the repayment of a loan

sister company /sstə
kmp(ə)ni/

noun another company which is part of

the same group

sitting tenant /
stŋ tenənt/ noun a tenant who is occupying a building

when the freehold or lease is sold
The

block of flats is for sale with four flats

vacant and two with sitting tenants.

SKA Index noun an index of prices on

the Zurich Stock Exchange

sight letter of credit 327 SKA Index