Dictionary of third edition A & C Black London Phần 3 ppsx

entitles the other party to sue for damages

or to ask for something to be done.

contracted in /kən
trktd n/ ad￾jective referring to a member of an

occupational or personal pension

scheme who is also a member of SERPS

contracted out /kən
trktd aυt/

adjective referring to a member of an

occupational or personal pension

scheme who is not a member of SERPS

contract for deed /
kɒntrkt fə

did/ noun US a written agreement

showing the terms of the sale of a prop- erty, where the title is only transferred to

the purchaser after he has made a stated

number of monthly payments

contracting party /kən
trktŋ

pɑti/ noun a person or company that

signs a contract

contract law /kɒntrkt lɔ/ noun

laws relating to private agreements

contract note /kɒntrkt nəυt/

noun a note showing that shares have

been bought or sold but not yet paid for,

also including the commission

contract of employment

/
kɒntrkt əv mplɔmənt/ noun a contract between an employer and an

employee stating all the conditions of

work. Also called employment

contract

contractor /kəntrktə/ noun a per￾son or company that does work accord- ing to a written agreement

contractual /kəntrktʃuəl/ adjec￾tive according to a contract
contrac- tual conditions

contractual liability /kən-
trktʃuəl
laəblti/ noun a legal

responsibility for something as stated in

a contract

contractually /kəntrktjuəli/ ad￾verb according to a contract
The

company is contractually bound to pay

our expenses.

contractual obligation /kən-
trktʃuəl
ɒbleʃ(ə)n/ noun some- thing that a person is legally forced to

do through having signed a contract

to do to fulfil your contractual

obligations to do what you have agreed

to do in a contract he is under no

contractual obligation to buy he has

signed no agreement to buy

contractual savings /kən-
trktʃuəl sevŋs/ plural noun sav- ings in the form of regular payments

into long-term investments such as pen- sion schemes

contract work /kɒntrkt w%k/

noun work done according to a written

agreement

contra entry /kɒntrə
entri/ noun

an entry made in the opposite side of an

account to make an earlier entry worth- less, i.e. a debit against a credit

contrarian /kɒntreəriən/ adjective

going against a trend

contrarian research /kɒn
treəriən

rs%tʃ/ noun research that shows you

should buy shares against the current

trend

contrarian stockpicking /kɒn-
treəriən stɒkpkŋ/ noun choosing

stocks and shares against the trend of

the market

contribute /kəntrbjut/ verb to

give money or add to money
We

agreed to contribute 10% of the profits.

They had contributed to the pension

fund for 10 years.

contribution /
kɒntrbjuʃ(ə)n/

noun money paid to add to a sum

contribution of capital /kɒntr-
bjuʃ(ə)n əv kpt(ə)l/ noun money

paid to a company as additional capital

contributor /kəntrbjυtə/ noun a person who gives money

contributor of capital /kən-
trbjυtər əv kpt(ə)l/ noun a person

who contributes capital

contributory /kəntrbjυt(ə)ri/ ad￾jective which helps to cause
Falling

exchange rates have been a contribu- tory factor in the company’s loss of

profits.

contributory pension scheme

/kən
trbjυt(ə)ri penʃən skim/ noun

a scheme where the worker pays a pro- portion of his or her salary into the pen- sion fund

control /kəntrəυl/ noun 1. the power

or ability to direct something
The

company is under the control of three

shareholders.
Top management exer- cises tight control over spending. to

gain control of a business to buy more

than 50% of the shares so that you can

direct the business 2. the act of restrict￾contracted in 78 control

ing or checking something or making

sure that something is kept in check under control kept in check
Ex- penses are kept under tight control.

The company is trying to bring its over- heads back under control. out of con- trol not kept in check
Costs have got

out of control. verb 1. to control a

company to be able to direct the busi- ness of a company, because you own

more than 50% of the shares
The busi- ness is controlled by a company based

in Luxembourg.
The company is con- trolled by the majority shareholder. 2.

to make sure that something is kept in

check or is not allowed to develop

The government is fighting to control in- flation or to control the rise in the cost

of living. (NOTE: controlling –

controlled)

control key /kəntrəυl ki/ noun a key on a computer which works part of

a program

controlled /kəntrəυld/ adjective

ruled or kept in check

controlled economy /kən
trəυld - kɒnəmi/ noun an economy where most

business activity is directed by orders

from the government

controller /kəntrəυlə/ noun 1. a per￾son who controls something (especially

the finances of a company) 2. US the

chief accountant in a company

controlling interest /kən
trəυlŋ

ntrəst/ noun to have a controlling

interest in a company to own more

than 50% of the shares so that you can

direct how the company is run

convergence /kənv%d$əns/ noun

1. a situation where the economic fac- tors applying in two countries move

closer together, e.g. when basic interest

rates, or budget deficits become more

and more similar 2. a situation where

the price of a commodity on the futures

market moves towards the spot price as

settlement date approaches

conversion /kənv%ʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a change 2. the action of changing con- vertible loan stock into ordinary shares

conversion discount /kən- v%ʃ(ə)n
dskaυnt/, conversion pre￾mium /kənv%ʃ(ə)n
primiəm/ noun

the difference between the price of con- vertible stock and the ordinary shares

into which they are to be converted

(NOTE: If the convertible stock is

cheaper, the difference is a conver￾sion premium; if the stock is dearer,

the difference is a conversion dis￾count.)

conversion issue /kənv%ʃ(ə)n
ʃu/ noun an issue of new bonds

(called ‘conversion bonds’) timed to co- incide with the date of maturity of older

bonds, with the intention of persuading

investors to reinvest

conversion of funds /kən
v%ʃ(ə)n əv fndz/ noun the act of using money

which does not belong to you for a pur- pose for which it is not supposed to be

used

conversion period /kənv%ʃ(ə)n
pəriəd/ noun a time during which con- vertible loan stock may be changed into

ordinary shares

conversion price /kənv%ʃ(ə)n pras/, conversion rate /kənv%ʃ(ə)n ret/ noun 1. a price at which preference

shares are converted into ordinary

shares 2. a rate at which a currency is

changed into a foreign currency

conversion value /kənv%ʃ(ə)n
vlju/ noun a value of convertible

stock, including the extra value of the

ordinary shares into which they may be

converted

convert /kənv%t/ verb 1. to change

money of one country for money of an￾other
We converted our pounds into

Swiss francs. 2. to convert funds to

your own use to use someone else’s

money for yourself

convertibility /kən
v%təbləti/

noun the ability of a currency to be ex- changed for another easily

convertible ARM /kən
v%təb(ə)l e

ɑr em/ noun US an adjustable rate

mortgage that can converted to a fixed

rate mortgage

convertible currency /kən-
v%təb(ə)l krənsi/ noun a currency

which can easily be exchanged for

another

convertible debenture /kən-
v%təb(ə)l dbentʃə/ noun a deben- ture or loan stock which can be ex- changed for ordinary shares at a later

date

convertible loan stock /kən-
v%təb(ə)l ləυn stɒk/ noun money

control key 79 convertible loan stock

lent to a company which can be con- verted into shares at a later date

convertibles /kən
v%təb(ə)lz/ plu￾ral noun corporate bonds or preference

shares which can be converted into ordi- nary shares at a set price on set dates

conveyance /kənveəns/ noun a legal document which transfers a prop- erty from the seller to the buyer

conveyancer /kənveənsə/ noun a person who draws up a conveyance

conveyancing /kənveənsŋ/ noun

the work of legally transferring a prop- erty from a seller to a buyer

COO abbreviation chief operating

officer

cooling-off period /
kulŋ ɒf

pəriəd/ noun (during an industrial

dispute) a period when negotiations

have to be carried on and no action can

be taken by either side

cooperative /kəυɒp(ə)rətv/ adjec￾tive where the profits are shared among

the workers

cooperative bank /kəυɒp(ə)rətv

bŋk/ noun a bank which is owned by

its members, who deposit money or who

borrow money as loans

cooperative society /kəυ

ɒp(ə)rətv sə
saəti/ noun an organi￾sation where customers and workers are

partners and share the profits

copper /kɒpə/ noun a metal which is

traded on commodity exchanges such as

the London Metal Exchange

coproperty /kəυprɒpəti/ noun own- ership of property by two or more peo- ple together

coproprietor /
kəυprəpraətə/ noun

a person who owns a property with an- other person or several other people

copyright /kɒpirat/ noun a legal

right which protects the creative work of

writers and artists and prevents others

from copying or using it without

authorisation, and which also applies to

such things as company logos and brand

names

copyright notice /
kɒpirat nəυts/

noun a note in a book showing who

owns the copyright and the date of

ownership

cordoba /kɔdəbə/ noun a unit of

currency used in Nicaragua

corner /kɔnə/ noun 1. place where

two streets or two walls join
The Post

Office is on the corner of the High Street

and London Road. 2. a situation where

one person or a group controls the sup- ply of a certain commodity
The syndi- cate tried to create a corner in the silver

market. verb to corner the market

to own most or all of the supply of a

commodity and so control the price

The syndicate tried to corner the market

in silver.

corner shop /kɔnə ʃɒp/ noun a small privately owned general store

corp abbreviation US corporation

corporate /kɔp(ə)rət/ adjective 1.

referring to corporations or companies,

or to a particular company as a whole 2.

referring to business in general
corpo- rate America
corporate Britain

‘…the prime rate is the rate at which banks lend

to their top corporate borrowers’ [Wall Street

Journal]

‘…if corporate forecasts are met, sales will

exceed $50 million next year’ [Citizen

(Ottawa)]

corporate bond /kɔp(ə)rət bɒnd/

noun a loan stock officially issued by a

company to raise capital, usually against

the security of some of its assets (NOTE:

The company promises to pay a cer￾tain amount of interest on a set date

every year until the redemption date,

when it repays the loan.)

corporate finance /
kɔp(ə)rət

fanns/ noun the financial affairs of

companies

corporate governance

/
kɔp(ə)rət v(ə)nəns/ noun a the- ory of the way companies should be run

corporate image /
kɔp(ə)rət

md$/ noun an idea which a company

would like the public to have of it

corporate loan /
kɔp(ə)rət ləυn/

noun a loan issued by a corporation

corporate name /
kɔp(ə)rət nem/

noun the name of a large corporation

corporate plan /
kɔp(ə)rət pln/

noun a plan for the future work of a

whole company

corporate planning /
kɔp(ə)rət

plnŋ/ noun 1. the process of plan- ning the future work of a whole com- pany 2. planning the future financial

state of a group of companies

convertibles 80 corporate planning

corporate profits /
kɔp(ə)rət

prɒfts/ plural noun the profits of a

corporation

‘…corporate profits for the first quarter showed

a 4 per cent drop from last year’

[Financial Times]

corporate raider /
kɔp(ə)rət

redə/ noun a person or company

which buys a stake in another company

before making a hostile takeover bid

corporate resolution /
kɔp(ə)rət

rezəluʃ(ə)n/ noun a document signed

by the officers of a corporation, naming

those persons who can sign cheques,

withdraw cash and have access to the

corporation’s bank account

corporate secretary /
kɔp(ə)rət

sekrət(ə)ri/ noun a person responsible

for the corporation’s legal and financial

affairs

corporate spinoffs /
kɔp(ə)rət

spnɒfs/ plural noun small companies

which have been split off from larger

organisations

corporate taxpayers /
kɔp(ə)rət

tkspeəz/ plural noun companies that

pay tax

corporation /
kɔpəreʃ(ə)n/ noun

1. a large company 2. US a company

which is incorporated in the United

States 3. a municipal authority

COMMENT: A corporation is formed by

registration with the Registrar of Com￾panies under the Companies Act (in the

case of public and private companies) or

other Acts of Parliament (in the case of

building societies and charities).

corporation income tax

/
kɔpəreʃ(ə)n nkm tks/ noun a tax on profits made by incorporated

companies

corporation loan /
kɔpəreʃ(ə)n ləυn/ noun a loan issued by a local

authority

corporation tax /
kɔpəreʃ(ə)n tks/ noun a tax on profits and capital

gains made by companies, calculated

before dividends are paid. Abbreviation

CT

correction /kərekʃən/ noun 1. an act

of making something correct
She

made some corrections to the text of the

speech. 2. a change in the valuation of

something that is thought to be overval- ued or undervalued which results in its

being more realistically valued

‘…there were fears in October that shares were

overvalued and bears were ready to enter the

market. This only proved to be a small

correction’ [Investors Chronicle]

correspondent /
kɒrspɒndənt/

noun a journalist who writes articles for

a newspaper on specialist subjects
He

is the Paris correspondent of the Daily

Telegraph.

correspondent bank /
kɒr- spɒndənt bŋk/ noun a bank which

acts as an agent for a foreign bank

cost /kɒst/ noun 1. the amount of

money which has to be paid for some- thing
What is the cost of a first class

ticket to New York?
Computer costs

are falling each year.
We cannot af- ford the cost of two cars. to cover

costs to produce enough money in sales

to pay for the costs of production
The

sales revenue barely covers the costs of

advertising or the advertising costs. to

sell at cost to sell at a price which is the

same as the cost of manufacture or the

wholesale cost 2. cost of borrowing

Same as borrowing costs verb 1. to

have as its price
How much does the

machine cost?
This cloth costs £10 a

metre. 2. to cost a product to calcu￾late how much money will be needed to

make a product, and so work out its sell￾ing price

cost, insurance, and freight

/
kɒst n
ʃυərəns ən fret/ noun the

estimate of a price, which includes the

cost of the goods, the insurance, and the

transport charges. Abbreviation CIF,

c.i.f.

cost accountant /kɒst ə
kaυntənt/

noun an accountant who gives managers

information about their business costs

cost accounting /kɒst ə
kaυntŋ/

noun the process of preparing special

accounts of manufacturing and sales

costs

cost analysis /kɒst ə
nləss/

noun the process of calculating in ad- vance what a new product will cost

cost-benefit analysis /kɒst

benft ə
nləss/ noun the process

of comparing the costs and benefits of

various possible ways of using available

resources. Also called benefit-cost

analysis

cost centre /kɒst
sentə/ noun 1. a person or group whose costs can be

corporate profits 81 cost centre