Dictionary of third edition A & C Black London Phần 7 doc

'fÆ:m/, one-man company /
wn

mn kmp(ə)ni/ noun a business run

by one person alone with no staff or

partners

one-off /
wn ɒf/ adjective done or

made only once
one-off item
one-off

deal
one-off payment

onerous /əυnərəs/ adjective heavy,

needing a lot of effort or money the

repayment terms are particularly

onerous the loan is particularly difficult

to pay back

one-sided /wn sadd/ adjective

which favours one side and not the other

in a negotiation

one-stop banking /
wn stɒp

bŋkŋ/ noun a type of banking where

a single organisation offers a whole

range of services (including such things

as mortgages, loans and pensions)

one-stop shopping /
wn stɒp

ʃɒpŋ/ noun the practice of taking a

range of financial services from a single

organisation, e.g. from a bank which of￾fers loans, mortgages, pensions and in￾surance as well as the normal personal

banking services

one-way ticket /
wn we tkt/

noun a ticket for a journey from one

place to another

one-way trade /
wn we tred/

noun a situation where one country sells

to another, but does not buy anything in

return

one-year money /
wn jə mni/

noun money placed for one year

online /ɒnlan/; /ɒnlan/ adjective,

adverb linked via a computer directly to

another computer, a computer network

or, especially, the Internet; on the

Internet
The sales office is online to

the warehouse.
We get our data on- line from the stock control department.

‘…there may be a silver lining for

‘clicks-and-mortar’ stores that have both an

online and a high street presence. Many of these

are accepting returns of goods purchased online

at their traditional stores. This is a service that

may make them more popular as consumers

become more experienced online shoppers’

[Financial Times]

‘…a survey found that even among experienced

users – those who shop online at least once a

month – about 10% abandoned a planned

purchase because of annoying online delays and

procedures’ [Financial Times]

‘…some online brokers failed to foresee the

huge increase in private dealing and had

problems coping with the rising volume. It has

been the year when private investors were able

to trade online quickly, cheaply, and on the

whole, with little bother’ [Financial Times]

online banking /
ɒnlan bŋkŋ/

noun a system by which customers have

bank accounts which they can access di- rect from their home computers, using

the Internet, and can carry out opera- tions such as checking on their account

balance, paying invoices and receiving

their salaries electronically

online bill paying /
ɒnlan bl

peŋ/ noun a system of paying bills di- rectly from an account using the Internet

o.n.o. abbreviation or near offer

on-the-job training /
ɒn ðə d$ɒb

trenŋ/ noun training given to em- ployees at their place of work

on the side /ɒn ðə sad/ adverb

separate from your normal work, and

hidden from your employer
He works

in an accountant’s office, but he runs a

construction company on the side.

Her salary is too small to live on, so the

family lives on what she can make on

the side.

OPA abbreviation offre publique

d’achat

OPEC /əυpek/ abbreviation Organi￾sation of Petroleum Exporting Countries

open /əυpən/ adjective 1. at work,

not closed
The store is open on

Sunday mornings.
Our offices are

open from 9 to 6.
They are open for

business every day of the week. 2. ready

to accept something the job is open to

all applicants anyone can apply for the

job open to offers ready to accept a

reasonable offer the company is open

to offers for the empty factory the

company is ready to discuss an offer

which is lower than the suggested price

verb 1. to start a new business
She

has opened a shop in the High Street.

We have opened a branch in London. 2.

to start work, to be at work
The office

opens at 9 a.m.
We open for business

on Sundays. 3. to begin something to

open negotiations to begin negotiating

She opened the discussions with a de- scription of the product.
The chair- man opened the meeting at 10.30. 4. to

set something up or make something

avilable
to open a bank account
to

one-off 242 open

open a line of credit
to open a loan 5.

shares opened lower share prices

were lower at the beginning of the day’s

trading

‘…after opening at 79.1 the index touched a

peak of 79.2 and then drifted to a low of 78.8’

[Financial Times]

open account /
əυpən əkaυnt/

noun an account where the supplier of- fers the purchaser credit without

security

open cheque /
əυpən tʃek/ noun

same as uncrossed cheque

open credit /
əυpən kredt/ noun

credit given to good customers without

security

open-end /
əυpən end/ verb US to

make a fund open-ended adjective

same as open-ended

open-ended /
əυpən endd/ adjec￾tive with no fixed limit or with some

items not specified
They signed an

open-ended agreement.
The candidate

was offered an open-ended contract

with a good career plan. (NOTE: The US

term is open-end.)

open-ended credit /
əυpən
endd

kredt/ noun same as revolving credit

open-ended fund /
əυpən endd

fnd/ noun a fund (such as a unit trust)

where investors buy units, the money

paid being invested in a range of securi￾ties (as opposed to a closed fund, such

as an investment trust, where the inves- tor buys shares in the trust company,

and receives dividends)

Open-ended investment com- pany /
əυpən
endd nvestmənt

kmp(ə)ni/ noun a new form of unit

trust, in which the investor purchases

shares at a single price, as opposed to

the offer/bid pricing system used by or- dinary unit trusts. Abbreviation Oeic

opening /əυp(ə)nŋ/ noun the act of

starting a new business
the opening of

a new branch
the opening of a new

market or of a new distribution network

adjective being at the beginning, or

the first of several

opening balance /əυp(ə)nŋ

bləns/ noun a balance at the begin- ning of an accounting period

opening bid /əυp(ə)nŋ bd/ noun

the first bid at an auction

opening entry /əυp(ə)nŋ
entri/

noun the first entry in an account

opening hours /əυp(ə)nŋ aυəz/

plural noun the hours when a shop or

business is open

opening price /əυp(ə)nŋ pras/

noun a price at the start of a day’s

trading

opening stock /əυp(ə)nŋ stɒk/

noun the stock details at the beginning

of an accounting period

open market /
əυpən mɑkt/ noun

a market where anyone can buy or sell

open market operation /
əυpən

mɑkt ɒpə
reʃ(ə)n/ noun a sale or

purchase of government stock by ordi- nary investors, used by the government

as a means of influencing money supply

open outcry system /
əυpən

aυtkra
sstəm/ noun a system of

buying and selling used in some ex￾changes, where the brokers shout prices,

offers or orders to each other

open ticket /
əυpən tkt/ noun a ticket which can be used on any date

operate /ɒpəret/ verb to do busi￾ness, or to run a business or a machine

‘…the company gets valuable restaurant

locations which will be converted to the

family-style restaurant chain that it operates and

franchises throughout most parts of the US’

[Fortune]

operating /ɒpəretŋ/ noun the gen- eral running of a business or of a

machine

‘…the company blamed over-capacity and

competitive market conditions in Europe for a

£14m operating loss last year’ [Financial Times]

operating budget /ɒpəretŋ

bd$t/ noun a forecast of income and

expenditure over a period of time

operating costs /ɒpəretŋ
kɒsts/

plural noun the costs of the day-to-day

activities of a company. Also called op￾erating expenses, running costs

operating income /ɒpəretŋ

nkm/, operating profit /ɒpəretŋ

prɒft/ noun the profit made by a com- pany in its usual business. Also called

operating earnings

operating loss /ɒpəretŋ lɒs/

noun a loss made by a company in its

usual business

open account 243 operating loss

operating manual /ɒpəretŋ

mnjυəl/ noun a book which shows

how to work a machine

operating system /ɒpəretŋ

sstəm/ noun the main program which

operates a computer

operation /
ɒpəreʃ(ə)n/ noun an ac- tivity or a piece of work, or the task of

running something
the company’s op- erations in West Africa
He heads up

the operations in Northern Europe.

‘…a leading manufacturer of business,

industrial and commercial products requires a

branch manager to head up its mid-western

Canada operations based in Winnipeg’

[Globe and Mail (Toronto)]

operational /
ɒpəreʃ(ə)nəl/ adjec￾tive referring to the day-to-day activities

of a business or to the way in which

something is run

operational budget /
ɒpəreʃ(ə)nəl

bd$t/ noun a forecast of expenditure

on running a business

operational costs /
ɒpəreʃ(ə)nəl

kɒsts/ plural noun the costs of running

a business

operational gearing

/
ɒpəreʃ(ə)nəl ərŋ/ noun a situa￾tion where a company has high fixed

costs which are funded by borrowings

operational planning

/
ɒpəreʃ(ə)nəl plnŋ/ noun the plan￾ning of how a business is to be run

operational research

/
ɒpəreʃ(ə)nəl rs%tʃ/ noun a study

of a company’s way of working to see if

it can be made more efficient and

profitable

operations department /
ɒpə- reʃ(ə)nz d
pɑtmənt/ noun the gen- eral administration department of a

company

operations review /
ɒpəreʃ(ə)nz rvju/ noun an act of examining the

way in which a company or department

works to see how it can be made more

efficient and profitable

operator /ɒpəretə/ noun 1. a person

who runs a business 2. (on the Stock

Exchange) a person who buys and sells

shares hoping to make a quick profit

‘…a number of block bookings by American

tour operators have been cancelled’ [Economist]

OPM abbreviation other people’s

money

opportunity /
ɒpətjunti/ noun a chance to do something successfully

‘…the group is currently undergoing a period of

rapid expansion and this has created an exciting

opportunity for a qualified accountant’

[Financial Times]

opportunity cost /
ɒpətjunti

kɒst/ noun 1. the cost of a business ini- tiative in terms of profits that could have

been gained through an alternative plan

It’s a good investment plan and we

will not be deterred by the opportunity

cost. 2. the value of another method of

investment which could have been used,

instead of the one adopted

oppose /əpəυz/ verb to try to stop

something happening; to vote against

something
A minority of board mem- bers opposed the motion.
We are all

opposed to the takeover.
A minority of

union members opposed the deal.

optimal /ɒptm(ə)l/ adjective best

optimism /ɒptmz(ə)m/ noun a state of mind in which you are sure that

everything will work out well
He has

considerable optimism about sales pos￾sibilities in the Far East.

optimistic /
ɒptmstk/ adjective

feeling sure that everything will work

out well he takes an optimistic view

of the exchange rate he expects the ex￾change rate will go in his favour

optimum /ɒptməm/ adjective best

The market offers optimum conditions

for sales.

option /ɒpʃən/ noun the opportunity

to buy or sell something within a fixed

period of time at a fixed price to grant

someone a six-month option on a

product to allow someone six months

to decide if they want to manufacture

the product to take up an option or to

exercise an option to accept the option

which has been offered and to put it into

action
They exercised their option or they took up their option to acquire sole

marketing rights to the product. I

want to leave my options open I want

to be able to decide what to do when the

time is right to take the soft option to

decide to do something which involves

the least risk, effort or problems

optional /ɒpʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adjective

which can be done or not done, taken or

not taken, as a person chooses
The in- surance cover is optional.
Attendance

at staff meetings is optional, although

operating manual 244 optional

the management encourages employees

to attend.

option contract /ɒpʃən
kɒntrkt/

noun a right to buy or sell shares at a

fixed price

option dealing /ɒpʃən
dilŋ/ noun

buying and selling share options

option holder /ɒpʃən
həυldə/ noun

STOCK EXCHANGE a person who holds

an option (i.e. who has bought an

option)

option to purchase /
ɒpʃən tə

p%tʃs/ noun an option which gives

someone the possibility to buy some- thing within a period of time

option to sell /
ɒpʃn tə sel/ noun an option which gives someone the possi- bility to sell something within a period

of time

option trading /ɒpʃən
tredŋ/

noun the business of buying and selling

share options

order /ɔdə/ noun 1. the way in which

records such as filing cards or invoices

are arranged
in alphabetical or

numerical order 2. an official request

for goods to be supplied
to give some￾one an order or to place an order with

someone for twenty filing cabinets

The management ordered the workforce

to leave the factory. to fill an order, to fulfil an order to supply items which

have been ordered
We are so under￾staffed we cannot fulfil any more orders

before Christmas. items available

to order only items which will be

manufactured only if someone orders

them on order ordered but not deliv- ered
This item is out of stock, but is on

order. 3. a document which allows

money to be paid to someone
She sent

us an order on the Chartered Bank. 4.

(Stock Exchange) an instruction to a

broker to buy or sell 5. pay to Mr

Smith or order pay money to Mr Smith

or as he orders pay to the order of

Mr Smith pay money directly to Mr

Smith or to his account verb to give

an official request for something to be

done or for something to be supplied

to order twenty filing cabinets to be de- livered to the warehouse

order book /ɔdə bυk/ noun a book

which records orders received

order cheque /ɔdə tʃek/ noun a cheque which is paid to a named person

with the words ‘or order’ after the

payee’s name, showing that he can en- dorse it and pass it to someone else if he

wishes

order-driven system /ɔdə

drv(ə)n
sstəm/, order-driven mar￾ket /
ɔdə
drv(ə)n mɑkt/ noun a price system on a stock exchange,

where prices vary according to the

level of orders (as opposed to a

‘quote-driven’ system)

order fulfilment /ɔdə fυl
flmənt/

noun the process of supplying items

which have been ordered

order processing /ɔdə

prəυsesŋ/ noun the work of dealing

with orders

ordinary /ɔd(ə)n(ə)ri/ adjective not

special

ordinary interest /
ɔd(ə)n(ə)ri

ntrəst/ noun annual interest calcu- lated on the basis of 360 days (as op￾posed to ‘exact interest’ which is

calculated on 365 days)

ordinary member /
ɔd(ə)n(ə)ri

membə/ noun a person who pays a

subscription to belong to a group

ordinary resolution /
ɔd(ə)n(ə)ri

rezəluʃ(ə)n/ noun a resolution put

before an AGM, usually referring to

some general procedural matter, and

which requires a simple majority of

votes to be accepted

ordinary share capital

/
ɔd(ə)n(ə)ri ʃeə
kpt(ə)l/ noun the

capital of a company in the form of

money paid for ordinary shares

ordinary shareholder

/
ɔd(ə)n(ə)ri ʃeəhəυldə/ noun a per- son who owns ordinary shares in a

company

ordinary shares /ɔd(ə)n(ə)ri ʃeəz/

plural noun normal shares in a com- pany, which have no special benefits or

restrictions (NOTE: The US term is

common stock.)

organic growth /ɔ
nk rəυθ/

noun same as internal growth

organisation /
ɔənazeʃ(ə)n/,

organization noun 1. a way of arrang- ing something so that it works effi- ciently
the organisation of the head

office into departments
The chairman

handles the organisation of the AGM.

The organisation of the group is too

option contract 245 organisation