Dictionary of third edition A & C Black London Phần 8 doc

show the effect of something in figures

It is impossible to quantify the effect

of the new legislation on our turnover.

quantitative /kwɒnttətv/ adjec￾tive referring to quantity

‘…the collection of consumer behaviour data in

the book covers both qualitative and quantitative

techniques’ [Quarterly Review of Marketing]

quantitative funds /kwɒnttətv

fndz/ plural noun funds which invest

according to the instructions given by a

computer model

quantity /kwɒntti/ noun an amount,

especially a large amount

quantity discount /
kwɒntti

dskaυnt/ noun a discount given to

people who buy large quantities

quantity purchase /kwɒntti

p%tʃs/ noun a large quantity of goods

bought at one time
The company of- fers a discount for quantity purchase.

quantum meruit /
kwntυm

merut/ phrase a Latin phrase meaning

‘as much as has been earned’

quarter /kwɔtə/ noun 1. one of four

equal parts (25%)
He paid only a

quarter of the list price. a quarter of

an hour 15 minutes 2. a period of three

months
The instalments are payable

at the end of each quarter. 3. US a 25

cent coin (informal.)

‘…corporate profits for the first quarter showed

a 4 per cent drop from last year’s final three

months’ [Financial Times]

‘…economists believe the economy is picking

up this quarter and will do better still in the

second half of the year’ [Sunday Times]

quarter day /kwɔtə de/ noun a day

at the end of a quarter, when rents, fees

etc. should be paid

COMMENT: In England, the quarter days

are 25th March (Lady Day), 24th June

(Midsummer Day), 29th September

(Michaelmas Day) and 25th December

(Christmas Day).

quarterly /kwɔtəli/ adjective, ad￾verb happening once every three months

There is a quarterly charge for elec- tricity.
The bank sends us a quarterly

statement.
We agreed to pay the rent

quarterly or on a quarterly basis.

noun the results of a corporation, pro- duced each quarter

quartile /kwɔtal/ noun one of a se- ries of three figures below which 25%,

50% or 75% of the total falls

quasi- /kweza/ prefix almost or

which seems like
a quasi-official

body

quasi-loan /kweza ləυn/ noun an agreement between two parties where

one agrees to pay the other’s debts, pro- vided that the second party agrees to re- imburse the first at some later date

quasi-public corporation

/
kweza
pblk
kɔpəreʃ(ə)n/

noun a US institution which is privately

owned, but which serves a public func- tion (such as the Federal National Mort- gage Association)

quetzal /kets(ə)l/ noun a unit of cur- rency used in Guatemala

queue /kju/ noun 1. a line of people

waiting one behind the other
to form a

queue or to join a queue
Queues

formed at the doors of the bank when

the news spread about its possible col- lapse. 2. a series of documents (such as

orders or application forms) which are

dealt with in order his order went to

the end of the queue his order was

dealt with last mortgage queue a list

of people waiting for mortgages verb

to form a line one after the other for

something
When food was rationed,

people had to queue for bread.
We

queued for hours to get tickets.
A list

of companies queueing to be launched

on the Stock Exchange.
The candi￾dates queued outside the interviewing

room.

quick /kwk/ adjective fast, not taking

much time
The company made a

quick recovery.
He is looking for a

quick return on his investments.
We

are hoping for a quick sale.

quick assets /kwk sets/ plural

noun cash, or bills which can easily be

changed into cash

quick ratio /kwk reʃiəυ/ noun

same as liquidity ratio

quid pro quo /
kwd prəυ kwəυ/

noun money paid or an action carried

out in return for something
He agreed

to repay the loan early, and as a quid

pro quo the bank released the collateral.

quiet /kwaət/ adjective calm, not ex- cited
The market is very quiet.
Cur- rency exchanges were quieter after the

government’s statement on exchange

rates.

quantitative 283 quiet

quitclaim /kwtklem/ noun a re- lease of someone from any claim that

might exist against him or her or that he

or she might have on something

quorum /kwɔrəm/ noun a minimum

number of people who have to be pres- ent at a meeting to make it valid to

have a quorum to have enough people

present for a meeting to go ahead
Do

we have a quorum?

COMMENT: If there is a quorum at a

meeting, the meeting is said to be

‘quorate’; if there aren’t enough people

present to make a quorum, the meeting is

‘inquorate’.

quota /kwəυtə/ noun a limited

amount of something which is allowed

to be produced, imported, etc.

‘Canada agreed to a new duty-free quota of

600,000 tonnes a year’ [Globe and

Mail (Toronto)]

quota system /kwəυtə
sstəm/

noun 1. a system where imports or sup￾plies are regulated by fixed maximum

amounts 2. an arrangement for distribu￾tion which allows each distributor only

a certain number of items

quotation /kwəυteʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. an estimate of how much something will

cost
They sent in their quotation for

the job.
Our quotation was much

lower than all the others.
We accepted

the lowest quotation. 2. the company

is going for a quotation on the Stock

Exchange the company has applied to

the Stock Exchange to have its shares

listed
We are seeking a stock market

quotation.

quote /kwəυt/ verb 1. to repeat words

or a reference number used by someone

else
He quoted figures from the an- nual report.
In reply please quote this

number.
When making a complaint

please quote the batch number printed

on the box.
She replied, quoting the

number of the account. 2. to estimate

what a cost or price is likely to be
to

quote a price for supplying stationery

Their prices are always quoted in dol- lars.
He quoted me a price of £1,026.

Can you quote for supplying 20,000

envelopes? noun an estimate of how

much something will cost (informal.)

to give someone a quote for supplying

computers
We have asked for quotes

for refitting the shop.
His quote was

the lowest of three.
We accepted the

lowest quote.

‘…banks operating on the foreign exchange

market refrained from quoting forward

US/Hongkong dollar exchange rates’

[South China Morning Post]

quoted company /
kwəυtd

kmp(ə)ni/ noun a company whose

shares can be bought or sold on the

Stock Exchange

quote-driven system /kwəυt

drv(ə)n
sstəm/ noun a system of

working a stock market, where

marketmakers quote a price for a stock

(as opposed to an order-driven system)

quoted shares /
kwəυtd ʃeəz/ plu￾ral noun shares which can be bought or

sold on the Stock Exchange

qwerty keyboard /kw%ti
kibɔd/

noun an English language keyboard,

where the first letters of the top row are

Q-W-E-R-T-Y
The computer has a

normal qwerty keyboard.

quitclaim 284 qwerty keyboard

R

racket /rkt/ noun an illegal deal

which makes a lot of money
He runs

a cut-price ticket racket.

racketeer /
rktə/ noun a person

who runs a racket

racketeering /
rktərŋ/ noun US

the crime of carrying on an illegal busi- ness to make money

‘…he was charged with 98 counts of

racketeering and securities fraud and went on to

serve two years in jail. He was banned for life

from the securities industry’ [Times]

rack rent /rk rent/ noun a very

high rent

raid /red/ noun a sudden attack

raid alarm /red ə
lɑm/ noun an au- tomatic alarm in a bank which goes off

when a robbery is taking place

raider /redə/ noun a person or com￾pany which buys a stake in another

company before making a hostile take￾over bid. Also called corporate raider

‘…bear raiding involves trying to depress a

target company’s share price by heavy selling of

its shares, spreading adverse rumours or a

combination of the two. As an added

refinement, the raiders may sell short. The aim

is to push down the price so that the raiders can

buy back the shares they sold at a lower price’

[Guardian]

raise /rez/ noun US an increase in sal- ary
He asked the boss for a raise.

She is pleased – she has had her raise.

She got her raise last month. (NOTE: The

UK term is rise.) verb 1. to raise

an invoice to write out or print out an

invoice to raise a cheque to write out

a cheque, either by hand or by machine

2. to increase or to make higher
The

government has raised the tax levels.

Air fares will be raised on June 1st.

The company raised its dividend by

10%.
When the company raised its

prices, it lost half of its share of the mar- ket.
The organisation will raise wages

if inflation gets worse.
This increase

in production will raise the standard of

living in the area. 3. to obtain money or

to organise a loan
The company is try- ing to raise the capital to fund its expan- sion programme.
The government

raises more money by indirect taxation

than by direct.
Where will he raise the

money from to start up his business?

‘…the company said yesterday that its recent

share issue has been oversubscribed, raising

A$225.5m’ [Financial Times]

‘…investment trusts can raise capital, but this

has to be done as a company does, by a rights

issue of equity’ [Investors Chronicle]

‘…over the past few weeks, companies raising

new loans from international banks have been

forced to pay more’ [Financial Times]

raised check /
rezd tʃek/ noun a cheque where the amount has been in￾creased by hand illegally

rake in /
rek n/ verb to gather some￾thing together to rake in cash, to

rake it in to make a lot of money

rake-off /rek ɒf/ noun a person’s

share of profits from a deal, especially if

obtained illegally
The group gets a

rake-off on all the company’s sales.

He got a £100,000 rake-off for introduc- ing the new business. (NOTE: The plural

is rake-offs.)

rally /rli/ noun a rise in price when

the trend has been downwards
Shares

staged a rally on the Stock Exchange.

After a brief rally shares fell back to a

new low. verb to rise in price, when

the trend has been downwards
Shares

rallied on the news of the latest govern- ment figures.

‘…when Japan rallied, it had no difficulty in

surpassing its previous all-time high, and this

really stretched the price-earnings ratios into the

stratosphere’ [Money Observer]

‘…bad news for the US economy ultimately

may have been the cause of a late rally in stock

prices yesterday’ [Wall Street Journal]

ramp /rmp/ noun an act of buying

shares in order to force up the price (as

racket 285 ramp

when a company buys its own shares il- legally during a takeover bid)

rand /rnd/ noun a unit of currency

used in South Africa

R&D abbreviation research and

development

random /rndəm/ adjective done

without making any special selection

random check /
rndəm tʃek/

noun a check on items taken from a

group without any special selection

random error /
rndəm erə/ noun a computer error for which there is no

special reason

random sample /
rndəm

sɑmpəl/ noun a sample taken without

any selection

random sampling /
rndəm

sɑmplŋ/ noun the action of choosing

of samples for testing without any spe- cial selection

random walk /
rndəm wɔk/ noun

1. a sampling technique which allows

for random selection within specific

limits set up by a non-random technique

2. a movement which cannot be pre￾dicted (used to describe movements in

share prices which cannot be forecast)

range /rend$/ noun a scale of items

from a low point to a high one range

of prices the difference between the

highest and lowest price for a share or

bond over a period of time

range forward /rend$ fɔwəd/

noun a forward currency contract which

includes an option to purchase currency

futures and so has the effect of limiting

potential exchange losses

rank /rŋk/ noun a position in a com- pany or an organisation, especially one

which shows how important someone is

relative to others
All managers are of

equal rank.
Promotion means moving

up from a lower rank. in rank order

in order according to position of impor- tance verb 1. to classify in order of

importance
Candidates are ranked in

order of their test results. 2. to be in a

certain position
The non-voting

shares rank equally with the voting

shares.
Deferred ordinary shares do

not rank for dividend.

rata /rɑtə/ pro rata

rate /ret/ noun 1. the money charged

for time worked or work completed 2.

an amount of money paid, e.g. as inter- est or dividend (shown as a percentage)

3. the value of one currency against an- other
What is today’s rate or the cur- rent rate for the dollar? to calculate

costs on a fixed exchange rate to cal- culate costs on an exchange rate which

does not change 4. an amount, number

or speed compared with something else

the rate of increase in redundancies

The rate of absenteeism or The absen- teeism rate always increases in fine

weather.

‘…state-owned banks cut their prime rate a

percentage point to 11%’ [Wall Street Journal]

‘…the unions had argued that public sector pay

rates had slipped behind rates applying in

private sector employment’ [Australian

Financial Review]

‘…royalties have been levied at a rate of 12.5%

of full production’ [Lloyd’s List]

‘…the minister is not happy that banks are

paying low interest on current accounts of less

than 10 per cent, but are charging rates of

between 60 and 71 per cent on loans’

[Business in Africa]

rateable value /
retəb(ə)l vlju/

noun a value of a property as a basis for

calculating local taxes

rate of exchange /
ret əv ks- tʃend$/ noun same as exchange rate

The current rate of exchange is $1.60

to the pound.

rate of inflation /
ret əv n- fleʃ(ə)n/ noun the percentage increase

in prices over a twelve-month period

rate of interest /
ret əv ntrəst/

noun same as interest rate

rate of production /
ret əv prə- dkʃən/ noun the speed at which items

are made. Also called production rate

rate of return /
ret əv rt%n/ noun

the amount of interest or dividend which

comes from an investment, shown as a

percentage of the money invested

rate of sales /
ret əv selz/ noun

the speed at which units are sold

rate of unemployment /
ret əv

nmplɔmənt/ noun same as unem￾ployment rate

rates plural noun local UK taxes for- merly levied on property in the UK and

now replaced by the council tax

rating /retŋ/ noun 1. the act of giv- ing something a value, or the value

given 2. the valuing of property for local

taxes.
ratings

rand 286 rating