Dạy học văn nghị luận xã hội ở trung học phổ thông

DAY HQC VAN NGHj LUAN U HOI I^ TRUNG HOG PHd THfiNG

Q ThS. NGUYEN THI THU THU V

Nghi ludn xd hdl (NIXH) \d kllu vdn bdn cd

vj h-f quan trqng hong chuong trinh vd SGK

NgO vdn THPT d cd hal h^ic dqc vdn vd Idm

vdn. Bdl NLXH Id thi vdn gdn vdl ddi sdng thyc

Hin cOo ngudi hqc v l cd phuong dl|n d l tdl vd

phuong thOc bllu dqt. Bdl vdn NIXH Id sdn phdm

cOa qud h'lnh nhdn bllt, phdn Hch, ddnh gld cdc

vdn d l h; h/dng, dqo If vd eudc sdng xd hdl cOa

hqc sinh (HS). Y kiln, quan dilm hong bdl vdn

cdn tq nhldn, chdn thyc, phO hqp vdl vdn sdng,

cdch suy nghTvd cd Hnh cOa HS. Kit qud dqc vdn

cQng nhu Idm vdn s8 rdn luydn cho HS phuong

phdp tu duy, ndng lye ngdn ngO, ndng lye nhdn

thOc v l eudc sdng, xd hdl vd Ihdl dql.

1 . Thyc trqng dqy hqc (DH) vdn NLXH d

trudng phd ihAng

Thyc t l DH vdn NIXH d THPT hl$n noy dd cd

nhOng ehuyin blln Hch eye. Ndl dung DH vdn

NLXH phong phO hon, d l bdi do dqng vd cd Hnh

sdng tqo hon. Thodt khdl ede d l bdl vdn cdng

thuc, hdc bOo dd'l vdl HS, d l bdl NLXH hong

SGK, hong cdc ki thi d l hllu, gdn gOI vdl ddl

sdng, pho hqp vdl tdm tu Hnh cdm cOa HS vd

mong Hnh ihdl sy. Ddc bi^t Id sy xudt hl^n cOa d l

NLXH trong ede kl thi tdt nghidp vd thi dql hqc

vdo nhOng ndm gdn ddy. Nhllu gido vidn (GV)

vd HS dd hudng Ong sy ddl mdl cdch ro dl ,

kllm h^a, ddnh gld ddl vdi bdl vdn NLXH cOa HS

h^ong DH vd thi cO hl$n noy. Bdl HS cd co hdl d l

thi hl$n ndng lye cOa bdn thdn, ddng thdi GV cd

thi ddnh gld sdt hon ndng lye vd kit qud rdn

luyin cOa HS quo bdl NLXH.

Tuy nhldn, chdt luqng cOa cdc bdl vdn NLXH

eOa HS cdn kdm. Sd HS vllt tdt bdi NLXH rdt ft.

Nhllu bdl vllt cOa HS cd y nhung da phdn Id

nhihig ^ rdl rqc, thilu Hnh h | thdng vd khdng

sdu. Cdn ed nhihig hd\ khdng ed f, bn man, hdl

hqt. Thyc Hqng ndy khdng hodn todn hfong xung

vdi hllu bilt vd h/ duy eOa HS. 6 dd tudi THPT,

cdc em dd cd vdn hllu bllt nhdt djnh, cd tdp

hudng h; hrdng, thdm chf cdn mudn thi hl$n mql

vide theo cdch rldng cOa minh. Vi vdy, nguydn

nhdn chfnh Id do khodng cdch glQa vdn nghj lu{ln

vd eudc sdng edn khd xa. Theo D5 Kim Nil

«nguydn nhdn boo h-Om nhdt, nguydn nhdn cOa

mql nguydn nhdn dd hqn chl oin kit qud eOo

tdp Idm vfin... h> sy xa cdch glOa phdn mdn iy

vdi ngudn cdl eudc ddl.... ngudi ta vfin chua thye

sy cot ddl sdng chfnh Id edi gdc rl duy nhdt sd

sinh ra mql thO eho vdn nghj ludn: bdn chdt, iik

sdng, sOc mqnh, sy khdn ngoon*(1;71) Mdt sd

d l vdn NLXH khd hllu, xa k? vdl tdm h/, nguv^

vqng vd eudc sdng cOo HS Idm ede em thdy khd

khdn vd chdn ndn. Hoqt ddng luy|n vllt md nhqt,

khdng cd chllu sdu. Cdc 10^ Idm vdn b| col nhif,

nhung Iqi col h-qng ydu cdu vllt dOng y trong

ddp dn. Vi thi, nhOng thdi auen chip tdl ll$u,

vl« theo ddn y sfin, vtit cdu thd d l ddl da hinh

thdnh d HS vd gdy ra nhihig dnh hudng Hdu eye

ddl vdl HS. Nhllu HS cdm thdy ty ti, khdng tq Hn

vdo ^ vfin, Idi vdn eOo minh, liidi suy nghT, khdng

thfeh luyin vllt vd khdng cd KN vllt vdn NDCH.

Dllu ndy dd di nguqc vdi myc Hdu DH Ldm vdn

vd ydu edu cOa DH hl$n dql ngdy nay. VI v$y,

cdn Hip h^c ddl mdl ndl dung, PPDH vdn NLXH d

THPT d l nd thyc sy phdt huy duqc hi|u qud hong

nhl$m vy phdt trlln ndng lye dio H5, ddp ung

nhu cdu xd hdl.

2. Mdt s6 gldl phdp ndng coo chdt luqng

DH vdn NLXH d THPT

1) Khat d^y d HS nhu cSu glao hip, nhu

cdu viit ra nhifng dliu bdn mdn Htdy hOng

Hid, Idm ddc di atla si vdl mql ngudi.

GVcdthi khuy^ khich HS ohdt hl$n di tdl

luyin vlit tO chfnh nhOng vdn d l h'ong ddl sdng

cOa ede em, hidn thyc xd hdl qucvih cdc em. Ldu

noy, cdc thdy cd quen dn d{nh cdc d l bdl NLXH.

HS thudng cOng duqc luy|n vllt mdt d l vdn c6

sfin. Dllu ndy hiy cd nhimg m^t thudn \q\ nhung

kli gdy ro nhllu khd khdn cho HS. Khd khdn d

chfi, cdc em phdl vtd v l mdt vdn d l md bdn thdn

chuo quan tdm, suy nghT ndn kiln thOc chua chdc

* ilM f B9i Ifc »rpli«a - HlU i Niqrto

Tap chi filiio llipc so 28 4 (la a - 4/aoia)