Bản chất của quá trình dạy học theo quan điểm tiếp cận thông tin

Li LUAN GIAO DUC - DAY HOC

n n n CIIA T cu u QU A TRIM I DR Y HO C

THE O QUA N DIE M TIE P CA N THON G TI N

O ThS. TRAN MINH HUNG*

1. Dqy hoc (DH) theo quan diem tiep can

thdng tin. Viec dqy vd hoc co tu Idu, chinh vi

vdy, co rdt nhieu khdi niem ve dqy vd hoc duqc

cdc tdc gid, nhd nghien cuu dua ra. Tuy theo

hodn canh ljch su vd quan diem tiep can md cdc

khdi niem cd khdc nhau. Chdng hqn, quan diem

tiep can theo hdnh vi cua Skinner thi «Hpc la qua

trinh lam bien doi hanh vi tu kinh nghiem hay la

tu sy tiep xuc vdi moi trudng sdng cua chu the',

quan diem tiep can theo nhdn thuc cua J.Piaget

thi «Hqc la tich hqp, dong hoa, dieu ung, «nhqp

nqi" nhung du lieu mdi lam bien ddi cdu true

nhqn thuc nqi tqi hien cd'.

Trong thdi dqi ngdy nay, thdng tin cd vai trd

quan trqng trong mqi hoqt ddng cua ddi sdng

xd hqi, trong dd cd DH. Thdng tin Id sy phdn dnh

cdc ddu hieu, thudc tinh, dqc diem... cua sy vdt,

hien tuqng, duqc the hien tren chinh sy vdt, hien

tuqng vd cdc vdt mang tin (sach, tdi lieu, dTa...),

duqc truyen tdi d dang cdc ki hieu nhu chu sd,

chu viet, dm thanh, hinh dnh... Thdng tin Id ca sd

cho tri thuc. Khi thdng tin duqc xu li vd nhdn thuc

thi bien thdnh tri thuc. Do dd, cd the cho rdng,

thdng tin chinh Id nguon gdc cua tri thuc md ngudi

dqy giup ngudi hoc can ty chiem hnh. Ngudi

dqy khdng chi cung cap thdng tin dan thudn md

chu yeu giup ngudi hoc ty thu thdp vd xu li thdng

tin de bien thdnh tri thuc rieng cho bdn thdn, qua

dd ty bien ddi minh. Nhu vdy, cd the neu ra quan

niem dqy vd hoc theo quan diem tiep can thdng

tin nhu sau: «Hqc la qua trinh ty bien ddi minh

va lam phong phu minh bdng each chon nhap va

xu li thdng tin lay tu mdi trudng xung quanh" vd

«Dqy Id viec giup cho ngudi hoc ty minh chiem

tinh nhung kien thuc, kinang va hinh thdnh hoac

bien dd'i nhung tinh cdm, thdi dd".

Rd rdng hai khdi niem ndy rdt rdng. Ngudi

hoc lay thdng tin tu mdi trudng xung quanh bdng

nhieu kenh khdc nhau nhu trao ddi vdi ngudi dqy,

ty tim kiem tren tdi lieu, sach, mang Internet...

Ngudi hoc phdi thu thdp vd xu li cdc thdng tin

ndy, phu hqp vdi dieu kien, khd ndng cua minh

de ty bien ddi bdn thdn. Day Id sy tuang tdc

giua ngudi hoc vdi cdc thdng tin. Qua dd, the

hien rd vai trd ty dieu khien, tinh chu ddng, tich

cue cua ngudi hoc. Ddng thdi, cung ddp ung duqc

yeu cdu cd biet hod trong hoqt ddng hoc tap cua

ngudi hoc. Dieu ndy phu hqp vdi xu the cua nen

gido dye hien dqi: «DH lay ngudi hoc Idm trung

tdm" hay «DH hudng vdo ngudi hod'.

Dqy khdng chi Id truyen thy kien thuc hay cung

cdp thdng tin dan thudn, md chu yeu Id giup ngudi

hoc ty minh chiem hnh kien thuc, kT ndng, thay

ddi tinh cdm vd hinh thdnh thdi dd. Ngudi dqy

khdng chi td chuc qua trinh hoc theo bdn chdt

cua qua trinh nhdn thuc, md cdn phdi hieu phong

each hoc cua ngudi hoc de cd chien luqc dqy

phu hqp dam bdo DH phdn hda, sdt ddi tuqng.

Ngudi dqy «g/up" phdi hieu Id ngudi hudng ddn,

cd van, djnh hudng chu khdng phdi Id ngudi Idm

thay cho ngudi hoc trong qua trinh thu thdp, xu li

thdng tin. Cd nhu the, ngudi hoc mdi tranh khdi

sy thieu tap trung vdo ndi dung hoc tap vd biet

lya chon, sdng loc nhung kien thuc phu hqp. Dieu

ndy, nguqc Iqi vdi quan diem «DH lay ngudi dqy

Idm trung tdm".

De thdy rd

sy khdc biet

giua quan

diem DH

truyen thdng

vdi quan

diem DH tiep

can thdng tin,

cd the md hinh So do 1. Theo quon diem DH truyen thong

* Truong Cao dang sir pham Bong Nai

Tap chi Giao due so 23 4 (id 2.3/2010)