Bản chất của loại hình trường

'^i^pi due nir6e ngoai -Khoa hoc Giao due

Di-;5:-

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BAN CHAT CUA LOAI HJNH TRl/CIWG "CHARTER SCHOOL" • ...^-i;

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TS. NGUYEN TIEN HUNG

Trung tam Nghien cufu Quan li giao due

Charter School (tam djch la trudng pho

thdng dugc nhugng quyin) la mdt trong

cac phong trao cai each giao due (GD) tuang

ddi thanh cdng va phat triln nhanh tai nhiiu

quic gia tren thi gidi trong nhung nam qua. Bai

bao nay se trinh bay va phan tich ban chit eua

md hinh Charter Schools nhu mdt tai lieu tham

khao bo ieh eho cae nha quan li va nghien eiru

GD trong boi canh doi mdi quan li (trong) nha

trudng pho thdng Viet Nam hien nay.

1. Khai quat ve Ijeh su' ra dai va phat trien

cua Charter Schools

Thye tl , thuat ngu "Charter" School xult hien

Iln diu tien vao nhirng nam 1970 eung vdi uy tin

va danh tiing cua nha GD Ray Budde tai New

England khi dng cho ring: mdt nhdm giao vien

cin dugc trao quyin thdng qua "Charter" hay

"hgp ddng" bdi ea quan quan li GD pho thdng

dja phuang d l van hanh nha trudng theo each

tilp can mdi. Tilp thed, tu nhan hda trudng

cdng duge khdi xu'ng bdi Minton Phridoman -

ngudi doat giai Nobel kinh t l 1976, khi dang

mdt bai vilt tren td "Buu dien Washington" ngay

19/02/1995 bdi Idi keu gpi: "Trudng edng: Hay

tu nhan hda chung." Theo "Nobel kinh t l 1976"

thi: Chung ta cin ed mdt he thing trudng tu

rdng rai va nghiem tue han nira va viec tai xay

dyng nin GD ehi cd thi hoan tit qua viec tu

nhan hda mdt phan doan Idn cua he thdng GD

cdng bing each cho phep cac to chirc tu nhan,

vj Igi nhuan, triln khai cung clp cac ca hdi hpc

tap da dang, ding thdi canh tranh hieu qua vdi

cae trudng cdng.

Trong bdi canh dd, tu nhan hda trudng cdng

diln ra manh me d nhiiu quic gia tren thi gidi,

chu yiu theo hudng "nhugng quyin" eho eae

nhdm giao chuc hay cac cdng ti GD dam nhan

edng tae diiu hanh mdt trudng cdng vdi hi vpng

se thoat ra khdi ldi mdn GD cu. Kit qua la mdt

sd trudng mdi xult hien trong he thing trudng

pho thdng vao nhung nam cudi cua nam 1980

vdi ten gpi 1^ Charter School.

Thye tl , Ijch sir phat triln Charter School dugc

xem la kit qua eiia nhllu tu tudng cai each - tir

quan li dya vao nha trudng (SBM), cac md hinh

trudng pho thdng xult sic, din quyin lya chpn

trudng cdng va tu nhan hda trudng pho thdng...

Trong dd, chia khda chinh eiia he thing Charter

Schools chinh la "Education/School Voucher"

(tam djch la philu hpe dudng) ma theo dd, tit

ca phu huynh hpe sinh dap irng du tieu chuin

xa hdi diu cd quyin duge hudng/nhan d l lya

chpn trudng cdng hay tu phu hgp nhlt eho con

em minh theo hpc.

Nhu vay. Charter School ra ddi d l hoat ddng

ddc lap, ty In djnh chuang trinh sao cho dap

irng tit nhlt nhu elu dja phuang, ty tuyin giao

vien theo muc tieu cua minh va nhan kinh phi tir

ngan sach cua ehinh quyin dja phuang. Nlu

hoat ddng khdng "ra hon", qua cae cude kilm

tra trinh dp hpc sinh, cae trudng nay se bj cIt

tai trg va se dan tdi bj giai thi/ddng eira.

Sau khi nhu'ng kit qua thir nghiem ban diu

v l Charter Schools mang lai thanh cdng thi

nhiiu nai khac da ap dung each tilp can nay va

lien tue eai tiln cho phu hgp vdi diiu kien cua

dja phuang va tinh din nay, Charter School trd

thanh phong trao doi mdi/sang tao trong chinh

sach GD tang len rlt nhanh tai mdt s l qude gia

tren thi gidi, dac biet la tai Hoa Ky.

2. Ban ehat cua Charter Schools

2.1. Khai niem

Charter School duge hilu la truong phd

thdng cdng lap kiiu mai, hoat ddng theo ca ehi

Charter (hgp ddng), duoc cip kinh phi tir ngan

sach eua dja phirang theo sd luong hge sinh

nhap hge, nhwng lai dwgc van hanh va quan li

vai mat ca chi tw chu eao gidng nhw truong tw/

doanh nghiep. Hoat ddng theo ca ehi Charter/

hgp ding, tu'C la nlu hoan thanh Charter/hgp

ddng thi dugctilp tuc hoat ddng, cdn nlu khdng

thi se bj ddng eira.

Charter School la loai hinh trudng nIm giira

trudng tu va trudng cdng, dugc cung clp kinh

KHGD so 64, thang 1 - 2011 53