Xây dựng tình huống dạy học theo tiếp cận giải quyết vấn đề trong môn giáo dục học

X A Y DUN G TIN H HUON G DA Y HO C

THEO TIEP CAN GIAI QUYET VAN DE TRONG MON 'BUlttUS

• • •

Day hoc theo hudng tiep can giai quyet van

de (GQVD) la mot phuang phap day hqc

mai dang nhan duqc su hudng ung cua

nhieu giang vien (GV) nham gop phdn nang cao

chat luqng gidng day. Tuy nhien, de su dung

phuang phdp ndy thdnh cdng, GV phdi cd khd

ndng thiet ke, chuyen hda ndi dung day hqc thdnh

cdc van de hqc tap, tinh hudng day hqc (THDH) de

kich thich nhu cdu nhdn thuc cua ngudi hqc. Gido

due hqc (GDH) Id mdt mdn nghiep vy trong trudng

su pham, cd nhung dqc thu rieng so vdi cdc mdn

khoa hqc khdc. Vi vqy, de xdy dyng cdc THDH tdt

ddi hdi GV khdng nhung cdn ndm vung chuyen

mdn md cdn cd kien thuc lien ngdnh tdng hqp

cung nhu vdn sdng, vdn vdn hda phong phu.

1. Cdc dqng THDH mdn GDH

Trudc khi phdn biet cdc dqng THDH mdn GDH

can de cap den khdi niem THDH. THDH Id mdt

khdi niem gdn vdi day hqc GQVD, trong day

hqc GQVD, ben cqnh viec su dyng van de de tqo

ra tinh hudng cd van de, cdn phdi xdy dyng cdc

THDH de giup cho viec tiep thu vd linh hdi kien

thuc cua ngudi hqc dqt hieu qud han.

Theo chung tdi, THDH Id nhung cdu chuyen

hoqc sy kien/bien cd cd that hoqc hu cdu, gdn

gui vdi ngudi hqc, duqc thiet ke cdng phu, bieu

dqt phong phu, cd tdc dyng kich thich tu duy, tqo

hung thu, xuc cdm d ngudi hqc de gidi quyet cdc

nhiem vy nhdn thuc tiem dn trong THDH.

THDH theo tiep can GQVD trong mdn GDH,

ngodi nhung yeu cdu chung cua mdt THDH cdn

ddm bdo yeu cdu: Thdng qua qud trinh GQVD

tiem dn trong THDH, sinh vien (SV) hnh hdi ndi

dung hqc tap mdt cdch vung chdc; gdn qud trinh

hqc tap vdi viec GQVD trong cdc tinh hudng,

ngu cdnh khdc nhau.

Qua viec phdn tich khdi niem THDH, dya tren

nhung nghien cuu cua cdc tdc gid trong vd ngodi

nude ve day hqc GQVD, cd the chia THDH mdn

GDH thdnh cdc dqng ca bdn sau:

Q ThS. NGUYEN THI HA LAN*

1) THDH phdn dnh, chda dung true tiep

nqi dung li ludn mdn GDH. Day Id loqi tinh

hudng md bdn thdn hinh thuc cua tinh hud'ng do

chua dyng ndi dung, kien thuc cua mdn GDH.

Thdng qua THDH dqng ndy, SV se ren luyen duqc

nhung kT ndng ca bdn cung nhu ndm vung ndi

dung mdn hqc. Khi xdy dyng vd thiet ke cdc dqng

THDH ndy, GV cd the van dyng vdo gidng day

cho nhieu khoa khdc nhau, cdc chuyen ngdnh ddo

tqo khdc nhau.

2) THDH phdn dnh, chua dyng ndi dung

cdc mon khoa hqc ca bdn nhu khoa hqc tu

nhien (Todn, Li, Sinh...) va khoa hqcxa hqi (Van,

Su, Dia...). Mdn GDH duqc gidng day trong

trudng su pham vdi cdc khoa ddo tqo khdc nhau,

nen ngodi nhung tinh hudng su dyng chung cho

cdc khoa (tinh hudng dqng 1), GV cd the lya chqn

cdc tinh hudng khdc nhau de dp dyng cho SV

tung khoa. Dieu ndy se khoi gqi hung thu cho

SV, kich thich SV tich cue, chu ddng GQVD de

h"nh hdi ndi dung mdn GDH tdt hon.

3) THDH phdn dnh mdi quan he ung xu

trong day hoc, gido dye. Neu nhu dqng tinh

hudng 1 vd 2 giup SV ndm vung kien thuc li ludn,

ren luyen kT ndng, kT xdo thi dqng tinh hudng 3

cd tdc dyng hinh thdnh niem tin, tinh cdm vd dqo

due nghe nghiep cho SV. Thdng qua viec gidi

quyet cdc THDH dqng ndy, SV khdng chi ndm

vung tri thuc li thuyet md cdn cd khd ndng van

dyng cdc tinh hudng dd hqc vdo GQVD ndy sinh

trong thyc tien; tu dd, cdc em se cd thdi dd, tinh

cdm tich cue ddi vdi mdn hqc cung nhu nghe

nghiep cua minh.

4) THDH phdn dnh cdc tinh hudng trong

cudc sdng, trong lao ddng. Mdn GDH khdng

chi cung cap cho SV nhung kien thuc, kT ndng

nghiep vy su pham md cdn trang bi nhung hieu

biet ve nhdn thuc, tinh cdm, nhung yeu td xd hdi

dnh hudng den sy phdt trien tdm li, nhdn cdch

* Truong Oai hoc Hong Due

Tap chi Giao due so 25 1 (k. i • i a/2010)