Tính độc lập của hệ thống tòa án Việt Nam trong việc thực hiện quyền tư pháp

%u6ti1>iMh TMu 861(298)-2017

TINH DOC LAP CUA HE THONG TOA AN VIET NAM

TRONG VIEC THini HIEN QUYEN TIT PHAP

I ThS. PHAM QUY DAT*

Tdm tdt: Bdi viet dua ra ca sd li ludn khdi qudt ve tuphdp vd quyen tuphdp theo quan diem cua nhieu

hgc gid ndi tiing tren the giai cdng nhu quyen tuphdp trong mgt sd chinh the hi4n dgi Tren ca sd dd, bdi

viel tiep egn quyen tu phdp a Viet .N am vd dua ra mot so yeu i6 ca bdn cd the tdc dgng din linh dgc Igp

cua h4 thong Tda dn Viit Nam trong viic thuc hien quyen tuphdp - mgt quyen hien dinh cua Tda dn theo

Hien phdp Vi4l Nam ndm 2013.

Al^tra^: The paper analyses the theoretical overview of the justice and judicial power in the view of

many famous scholars in the world as well as judicial power in some modern polity. On this basis, the

paper approaches the judicial power in Vietnam and gives some basic factors that can affect the

independence of the court system Vietnam in implementingjudicial power - a constitutional right of the

court according lo the Conslilution of Vietnam in 2013.

1. \'e tu phdp vd quyen tu phdp

Khdi niem "tu phdp" dugc hieu dudi nhieu gde

dp khdc nhau, theo nghTa rpng nhat, tu phdp Id su

cdng bdng, cdng iy va cde thiet ehe nhdm duy

tri, bdo dam sy edng bang, bao vp nen edng ly.

Trong tieng Anh, tu phdp la "Justice" nghia la

cdng ly, la mpt hong ba nhdnh quyen lyc de td

chuc va duy tri trat ty xd hpi, xuat phdt tir ly thuyet

ve sy phdn chia quyen lye, dugc khdi xudng bdi

cdc nhd triet hpe xua, nhung chi den thdi ky La Ma

cd dgi, mdi thyc sy hipn hiiu hong ddi sdng xd hpi.

Theo John Locke (1632 - 1704), rapt nha triet hgc

ngudi Anh, thi quyen tyc cua Nhd nude la quyen

lyc ciia nhdn dan. Nhan dan nhudng mgt phdn

quyen eua minh eho Nha nude qua khe ude, theo

dd, de chdng lgi dge tai, phdi thyc hien sy phan

quyen thdnh 3 ITnh vyc. Lgp phap, hdnh phdp va

lien hgp. Theo dd, quyen lgp phdp la quyen lye eao

nhat hong Nha nude va phai thugc ve Ngbj vipn.

Quyen hdnh phdp phdi thupe ve Nha vua. Nha vua

lanh dgo vipc thi hanh phdp ludt, bd nhiem cde

chirc vy, Chdnh dn va cde quan chuc khdc. Hogt

dpng eua Nha vua phy thupe vdo phap ludt va

khdng ed dae quyen nhdt djnh ndo vdi Nghj vipn

nhdm khdng cho phep Nha Vua thau tdm todn bp

quyen lye ve tay minh va xdm phgm vao cde quyin

h; nhien ciia edng dan. Nhd vua thuc hipn quyin

lien hpp Id gidi quyet ede van de chien tranh, hda

binh vd ddi ngogi.

Nhiing ludn diem phdn quyen eua J.Locke da

dugc hgc gid vT dgi ngudi Phap Montesquieu phdt

trien mgt each todn dipn va dgc lgp thdnh hgc

thuylt tam quyen phdn lgp. Tilp thu va phat triln

tu hrdng ve the che chinh trj ty do, chdng chuyen

che, Montesquieu xay dyng hgc thuylt phan quyin

vdi mye dich tgo dyng nhiing the chi chinh hj bao

* Dgi hgc Lugt Hd Ngi Ddn chO & Phdp iu^t I