Tìm hiểu về chủ trương đưa người Việt Nam ra nước ngoài học tập qua các điều trần của Nguyễn Trường Tộ = Learning more about the policy to bring the Vietnamese study abroad through Nguyen Truong To's proposals

Le Thi Thu Hucmg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 126(12): 171 -179

TIM HIEU VE CHU TRU'ONG ©U'A NGU'C?! VIET RA NU"OfC NGOAI

HOC TAP QUA CAC DIEU TRA N CUA NGUYEN TRU^CTNG TO

Le Thj Thu Huong

Dgi hQC Suphgm — DM Thai Nguyen

TOM TAT

Nlia sau the ky XIX, Viet Nam diing trudc nguy ca mat nudc bdi sy xdm luge cua thyc dan Phdp.

Cdc sT phu y6u nudc co trdch nhiem voi van menh cua dan tpc da gui len trieu dinh nhilu dk nghi

canh tan dat nudc, trong s6 d6 co cdc ban dieu tran ciia Nguyen Truong To. Ong duoc ddnh gid Id

nhd tu tuong canh tan tifiu bieu nhat, vdi 58 ban dieu trin gui len trieu dinh nhd Nguyen trong

khoang thdi gian 1863-1871.

Trong nhu'ng bdn di6u trdn ciia minh, Nguyin Trudng To dd neu len nhieu iinh vyc cdn phai canh

lan nhu: chinh tri, kinh te, van hod gido due, quan sy, ngoai giao .. Trong sd dd, van de ong thudng

xuy6n quan tam Id md mang hpc hdnh dl nang cao nhan thirc. Tuy nhign, dl vin dl hpc tap dem

lgi hieu qua cao thi viec hgc trong nudc chua dii, md cdn phdi ra nudc ngoai hpc tap. Chii trucng

ndy Clia Nguyen Trudng To xuit phdt tir 16ng ySu nudc, trdch nhiem vdi dat nuoc, nhiing hilu biit

nhdt dinh vl tinh hinh dat nudc va ben ngoai.

Viec tl chiic cho ngudi Vi6t hpc tdp d nudc ngodi, theo flng, phai dupc tinh toan mot each cin

thgn, hgp ly va co sy hudng dan chu dao. Ben canh dd phdi tan dung mpi khd nang, moi co hgi thi

vile hpc mdi c6 hifu qud. Mdc dii, ve co ban, Nguyin Trudng T6 bi thit bai trong nhung dl nghj

canh tan dat nudc, song nhung van d£ ong neu van c6 gid tri nhdt dinh mang tinh cap nhat trong

thdi dgi ngay nay bdi vifc md ciia, giao luu, hpc tap nhCrng tien tien d ben ngoai Id bien phap can

thilt dl cdc qu6c gia diing viing va phdt trien.

Til' kh6a: Nguyin Trudng Td, dieu Iran, du hgc,

Nua sau thf ky XIX, nudc ta dffng trudc nguy

CO mat nudc bdi sy xam luge cua thuc dan

Phap. Cdc sT phu yfu nudc vd cd trdch nhifm

vdi van menh ciia dan tdc, da gii'i len trifu

dinh rat nhieu de nghi canh tan ddt nudc,

trong do tieu bieu Id cua Nguyen Trudng To.

Trong nhffng ban dieu tran ctia minh, Nguyen

Trudng To da neu Ifn nhilu vin dk can canh

tan, thugc cdc ITnh vuc khde nhau nhu; chinh

tri, kinh tf, van hoa gido due, qudn sy, ngogi

giao... Mgt vin dl Nguyen Trudng To thudng

xuyfn quan tam df cap dfn la can md mang

vifc hgc hanh dl ndng cao nhdn thffc cho

ngudi dan. Theo dng, df nang cao nhan thuc,

ngodi vifc phai thay ddi viec hgc hanh d trong

nudc thi trieu dinh nen dua ngudi Viet Nam

ra ben ngodi hgc tap.

1. Chu truong nay xuat phat tu quan difm hgc

thuc dung, muc tieu Id lam cho ddn gidu nudc

manh cua Nguyen Trudng To. Trong di thdo

s6 18 "Vl vifc hgc thyc dung", dng neu rd:

'Tel 0912 090681

"Viec hoc tap boi duong nhdn tdi lite con

dudng rgng ldn de di den gldu mgnh " nhung

phdi chu y dfn hgc thyc dung "7a/ sao khdng

dem tdm luc ra md lo nhirng vl^c cdn kip

truac mdt, lgi dem diing vdo nhirng chuyen xa

xdi khong thiit thuc? [l;n-221].

Nguyen Trudng To trich ddn Idi cua Khdng

Tff va Manh Tu cung nhung quan niem cua

ngudi xua, ke Igi nhung vifc xay ra tir ddi

xua de cho rang phdi coi trgng hgc thyc dung:

"dai xua sddiggi Id dai thdnh Id vi ngudi do

biet ma mang cdc vgt dephuc vii nhdn sinh.

thdi dy chua al nol den chir vdn chuong cd"

[l;tr221]

Nhifu ngudi lap nen nghiep Idn hau hft dfu

qua thyc tf hoat ddng chff khdng phai qua van

chuong: "Tic Tam dai ve sau ldm vua tht nhu

Ngii Bd vd den Tdn, Hdn, Tuy, Duong. Tong,

Nguyen, Minh. nhimg nhd sdng nghidp ma

mang ciing chua timg thdy diing ke vdn hgc

ra ldm quan ldm tuang... Cdn nhu Qudn

Trgng gioi ngi chinh, Tien Chdn co ldi diing

binh. To, Truong thong thgo thugt tung