Tiếng anh chuyên ngành Y

Chỉ đạo biên soạn:

VỤ KHOA HỌC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO - BỘ Y TẾ

Chủ biên:

TS. VƯƠNG THỊ THU MINH

Những người biên soạn:

TS. VƯƠNG THỊ THU MINH

GS.TS. PHẠM GIA KHẢI

Tham gia tổ chức bản thảo:

ThS. PHÍ VĂN THÂM

TS. NGUYỄN MẠNH PHA

LỜI GIỚI THIỆU

Thực hiện một sô' điểu của Luật Giáo dục. Bộ Giáo dục & Đào tạo và Bộ Y t ế dã

ban hành chương trình khung đào tạo khổì ngành Khoa học sức khoẻ. Bộ Y tế tổ chức

biên soạn tài liệu dạy-học các môn học chuyên môn, cơ bản chuyên ngành theo chương

trình trên nhàm từng bước xây dựng bộ tài liệu dạy-học chuẩn về chuyên môn để đảm

bảo châ't lượng đào tạo nhân lực y tế.

Sách “Tiếng A nh chuyên ngành” đã dược biên soạn dựa trên chương trình Giáo dục

của trường Đại học Y Hà Nội trên cơ sỏ chương trình khung đã được phê duyột. Sách

được các nhà giáo giàu kinh nghiệm và tâm huyết của bộ môn Ngoại ngữ Trường Đại

học Y Hà Nội biên soạn với phương châm: Kiến thức cơ bản, hệ thỗng, nội dung chính

xác. khoa học. cập nhật các tiến bộ khoa học, kỹ thuật hiện đại và thực tiễn Việt Nam.

Sách ''Tiếng A nh chuyên ngành” dã dược Hội đồng chuyên môn thẩm định sách và

tài liệu dạy- học khôi ngành Khoa học Sức khoẻ của Bộ Y tế thẩm dỊnh năm 2009. Bộ

Y tế quyết định ban hành là tài liệu dạy-học đạt chuẩn chuyên môn của ngành Y tế

trong giai đoạn hiện nay. Trong quá trình sử dụng từ 3 - 5 năm sách phải được chỉnh

lý, bổ sung và cập nhật.

Bộ Y tế xin chân thành cảm ơn các tác già và Hội đồng chuvên môn thẩm dịnh dã

giúp hoàn thành cuôn sách. Cám ơn ThS. Nguyễn Bá Học và ThS. Nguyễn Đồ Thu Hoài

dã dọc. phán biện đổ cuốn sách sớm hoàn thành, kịp thòi phục vụ cho công tác đào tạo

nhân lực Y tố.

Vì lần đầu xuất bản, chúng tôi mong dược ý kiến dóng góp của dồng nghiệp, các

bạn sinh viên và độc giả đê lần tái bản sau sách được hoàn thiện hơn.

VỤ KHOA HỌC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO - I3Ộ Y TẾ

3

LỜI NÓI ĐẦU

Để đáp ứng nhu cầu học tập của sinh viên, Bộ môn Ngoại Ngữ đã biên soạn cuốn

“Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành” dùng làm tài liệu để phục vụ công tác đào tạo khối ngành

Khoa học Sức khoẻ cho các đối tượng là sinh viên Y-Dược.

Mục tiêu cúa cuốn sách này nhàm giới thiệu các cấu trúc ngữ pháp cơ bản, các

thuật ngữ và các cấu trúc ngữ pháp trong y học thông dụng thông qua các bài đọc hiếu,

bài hội thoại, bài lập ngữ pháp và bài đọc thêm.

Mục tiêu cụ thể cúa các bài học như sau:

1. Nắm vừng các thuật ngữ chuyên ngành Khoa học Sức khoé.

2. Nắm vững các cấu trúc ngữ pháp, các cấu trúc cơ bản trong bài học.

3. Áp dụng được cấu trúc câu trong các tinh huống thăm khám, chấn đoán và điều

trị bệnh.

4. Đọc hiểu được các đoạn vãn phong chuyên ngành Khoa học Sức khoé.

‘Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành” bao gồm 19 bài. Mỏi bài gồm ba phần (Section 1, 2, 3).

Nội dung các phần như sau:

+ Section 1: Các bài đọc hiếu và các càu hỏi kiểm tra kỹ năng đọc hiểu.

+ Section 2: Các bài hội thoại có cấu trúc câu để luyện kỹ năng giao tiếp trong vãn

phong Khoa học Sức khoé.

+ Sectỉon 3: Các bài tập ngừ pháp đi từ dẻ đến khó, bao trùm các cấu trúc ngữ pháp

cơ bán của tiếng Anh và bài đọc thêm để học viên tự nghiên cứu.

Nội dung cuốn sách được biên soạn dựa trên cơ sở tham khảo các tài liệu tiếng Anh

(có ghi trong tài liệu tham khảo cuối cuốn sách).

Bộ môn Ngoại ngữ xin chân thành cám ơn Ban Giám hiệu Trường Đại học Y Hà Nội,

Vụ Khoa học và Đào tạo Bộ Y tế đã tạo điều kiện để cuốn sách được hoàn thành.

Chúng tôi hy vọng cuốn sách sẽ mang lại nhiều điều bổ ích cho các bạn sinh viên.

Trong quá trình biên soạn, chác chắn không tránh khỏi thiếu sót, chúng tồi mong

nhậri được các ý kiến đóng góp cúa đồng nghiệp, cùng các độc giá đế có thể sửa đổi, bố

sung cho cuốn sách hoàn chinh hơn trong lần tái bán sau.

Hà Nội, ngày 20 tháng 5 năm 2009

TS. VƯƠNG THỊ THƯ MINH

MỤC LỤC

Lời giới thiệu....................................................................................................................................3

Lời nói đ ầ u ....................................................................................................................................... 5

Mục lục......................................................................................................................................................7

UNIT 1 STRESS

Section 1: Reading comprehension..........................................................................................9

Section 2: Speaking.................................................................................................................. 10

Section 3: Grammar and vocabulary practice......................................................................12

UNIT 2 RELAXATION

Section 1: Reading comprehension........................................................................................ 17

Section 2: Speaking.............................................................................................................. 18

Section 3: Grammar and vocabulary practice.......................................................................... 21

Unit 3 ALCOHOLISM

Section 1: Reading comprehension........................................................................................25

Section 2: Speaking..................................................................................................................26

Section 3: Grammar and vocabulary practice......................................................................29

UNIT 4 DRUG ABUSE

Section 1: Reading comprehension........................................................................................35

Section 2: Speaking..................................................................................................................36

Section 3: Grammar and vocabulary practice..........................................................................39

UNIT 5 POISON

Section 1: Reading comprehension........................................................................................45

Section 2: Speaking..................................................................................................................46

Section 3: Grammar and vocabulary practice...................................................................... 51

UNIT 6 AIDS

Section 1: Reading comprehension........................................................................................57

Section 2: Speaking............................................................................;.................................... 58

Section 3: Grammar and vocabulary practice......................................................................61

UNIT 7 SMOKING

Section 1: Reading comprehension........................................................................................66

Section 2: Speaking.................................................................................................................. 67

Section 3: Grammar and vocabulary practice......................................................................69

UNIT 8 HEART DISEASE

Section 1: Reading comprehension........................................................................................75

Section 2: Speaking..................................................................................................................76

Section 3: Grammar and vocabulary practice......................................................................79

UNIT 9 STROKE

Section 1: Reading comprehension........................................................................................85

Section 2: Speaking..................................................................................................................86

Section 3: Grammar and vocabulary practice......................................................................88

UNIT 10 CANCER

Section 1: Reading comprehension............................................................................................95

Section 2: Speaking.................................................................................................... •..............06

Section 3: Grammar and vocabulary practice..........................................................................98

UNITl 1 HYGIENE

Section 1: Reading comprehension..........................................................................................105

Section 2: Speaking.................................................................................................................... 106

Section 3: Grammar and vocabulary practice........................................................................108

UNIT 12 EXERCISE

Section 1: Reading comprehension..........................................................................................115

Section 2: Speaking.................................................................................................................. 116

Section 3: Grammar and vocabulary practice........................................................................119

UNIT 13 NUTRITION

Section 1: Reading comprehension..........................................................................................124

Section 2: Speaking................................................................................................................. 125

Section 3: Grammar and vocabulary practice.....................................................................127

UNIT 14 HANDICAPS

Section 1: Reading comprehension.......................................................................................131

Section 2: Speaking................................................................................................................. 132

Section 3: Grammar and vocabulary practice..................................................................... 135

UNIT 15 DROWNING

Section 1: Reading comprehension.......................................................................................... 140

Section 2: Speaking..................................................................................................................... 141

Section 3: Grammar and vocabulary practice........................................................................ 143

UNIT 16 PREGNANCY

Section 1: Reading comprehension..........................................................................................149

Section 2: Speaking.................................................................................................................... 150

Section 3: Grammar and vocabulary practice........................................................................152

UNIT 17 DENTISTRY

Section 1: Reading comprehension..........................................................................................157

Section 2: Speaking.................................................................................................................... 158

Section 3: Grammar and vocabulary practice........................................................................ 161

UNIT 18 TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

Section 1: Reading comprehension..........................................................................................165

Section 2: Speaking....................................................................................................................166

Section 3: Grammar and vocabulary practice........................................................................168

UNIT 19 FIRE SAFETY

Section 1: Reading comprehension..........................................................................................175

Section 2: Speaking....................................................................................................................176

Section 3: Grammar and vocabulary practice....................................................................... 178

Glossary.......................................................................................................................................185

Answer keys.................................................................................................................................194

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U n it 1

STRESS

S e c tio n Is R E A D IN G COM PREHENSION

Maria is a single m other who often feels stressed. She is a computer programmer

with a thirteen year old son. At work she sits in front of a computer for most of the clay.

While sitting at work, her lower back often hurts and her eyes get tired from looking at

the computer for long periods of time.

During her lunch break she enjoys taking a walk with a couple of friends. She

enjoys the fresh air and talking with her friends. For lunch she usually eats something

light like a salad and fruit. At work she drinks water instead of coffee or soda.

She worries about her son since she can not be there when he arrives home from

school. She also worries about not having enough money to pay the bills.

Maria suffers from migraine headaches. When this happens she feels severe pain

on both sides of her head, loses her appetite, feels nauseous and sometimes even

vomits. She can feel this way of three or four days.

Maria has high blood pressure. High blood pressure is when the heart works harder

to pump blood through the arteries. Maria watches her weight and takes medicine for

this disease. She realizes she must be concerned about her high blood pressure

otherwise she could have a heart attack, stroke, or suffer from kidney disorders.

Maria realizes that she needs to manage her stress. Therefore she walks with her

friends during the week. On weekends she often goes bike riding with her son. She knows

she needs to eat a sensible diet to maintain the energy needed to cope with her stress.

vShe sets her priorities to avoid unnecessary time pressures. In the evenings she does

stretching exercises. Then she relaxes in a warm bath before going to bed. Maria tries

to get eight hours of sleep a night.

Questions and Answers

1.1. Answ er the follow ing questions in com plete sentences.

I. What does Maria drink at work?

2. Name two reasons w'hv Maria feels stressed.

3. How does Maria feel when she has a migraine headache?

4. What is high blood pressure?

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5. List three health problems that high blood pressure can cause.

6. List- three things that Maria does to manage her stress

7. What are a couple of things you do to manage your stress?

S e c tio n 2: S P E A K IN G

2.1. Discuss problems on “Stress” basing on the suggested questions and answers

1. What is stress? (Stress is the emotional and physical strain caused by our

response to pressure from the outside world. Common stress reactions include

tension, irritability, inability to concentrate, and a variety of physical symptoms

that include headache and a fast heartbeat).

2. What causes stress? (Major life changes like marriage, divorce, overwork,

relationships with colleagues at w'ork, sudden and unexpected pressure, too

much responsibility... etc...).

3. What are the signs of stress? (Stress can cause both mental and physical

symptoms. The mental symptoms of stress include: tension, irritability,

inability to concentrate, feeling excessively tired, trouble sleeping. The

physical symptoms of stress include: dry mouth, a pounding heart, difficulty

breathing, stomach upset, frequent urination, sweating palms, tight muscles

that may cause pain and trembling).

4. What effects does stress cause? (Health issues: headaches, muscular tension,

backache or neckache, tiredness and sleep problems, hard to concentrate, disturbed

eating patterns; chronic stress may cause depression, nervous breakdown).

5. Have you ever experienced stress? Is stress avoidable?

6. What can you do to manage stress? (Take a walk; have a balanced life as good

diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables; family fun; healthy activities as music

listening, yoga: breathing exercises, meditation, imagery and movement).

7. Is there any medication for stress?

2.2. Practice: parts of the body

1. ankle 2. chin 3. forehead 4. leg 5. thigh 6. arm

7. ear 8. hand 9. thumb 10. back 11. elbow 12.head

13. mouth 14. toe 15. buttock 16. eye 17. heel 18. neck

19. tooth 20. calf 21. face 22. hip 23. nose 24. waist

25. cheek 26. finger 27. jaw 28. shin 29. wrist 30. chest

31. fingernail 32. knee 33. shoulder

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2.3. Practise to get to know parts of the body

2.4. Practise dialogue: M aking a Doctor's Appointm ent

Doctor's Assistant: Good morning. Doctor Jensen's office. How may 1 help you?

Patient: Hello, I'd like to make an appointment to see Doctor Jensen, please !

Doctor's Assistant: Have you been in to see Doctor Jensen before?

Patient: Yes, I have. I had a physical last year.

Doctor's Assistant: Fine, what is your name?

Patient: This is Maria Sanchez.

Doctor's Assistant: Thank you Ms Sanchez, let me pull up your file.

Patient: I haven’t been feeling very well lately.

Doctor's Assistant: Do you need urgent care?

Patient: No, not necessarily, but I'd like to see the doctor soon.

Doctor's Assistant: O f course, how about next Monday? There's a slot available at

10 in the morning.

Patient: I'm afraid I'm working at 10. Is there anything available after three?

Doctor's Assistant: Let me see. Not on Monday, but we have a three o'clock

opening next Wednesday. Would you like to come in then?

Patient: Yes, next Wednesday at three would be great.

Doctor's Assistant: Alright. I'll pencil you in for three o’clock next Wednesday.

Patient: Thank you for your help.

Doctor's Assistant: Your welcome. W e’ll see you next week. Goodbye.

Patient: Goodbye.

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Key Phrases

1 low may I help you?

I'd like to make an appointment

Have you been in before?

I had a physical (examination)

This is ...

to pull up a file

1 haven’t been feeling very well,

urgent care

a slot available

Is there anything open (available)...

to pencil someone in

SECTION 3: G RAM M AR AND VO CA BU LAR Y PRACTICE

3.1. W rite the w ords at the right in alphabetical order

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

l ......................................................... school

2.......................................................... tense

3.......................................................... tired

4 ......................................................... gym

5.............................. ............................ escape

6 ........................................................... mental

7 .......................................................... physical

8........................................................... pressure

9 ........................................................... stretching

10........................................................... meditate

I I ........................................................... yoga

12......................................................... minutes

13.......................................................... hobby

14......................................................... relax

15......................................................... scenery

3.2. Choose “ is, am , or are” to com plete the sentences

1. M a r k ............................................................................. a volunteer.

2. I ..................................................................................... very tired.

3. Susan .......................................................... infected with the virus.

4. Mark and Jim .................................................................... brothers.

5. 1 ................................................................................... not hungry.

6. There ................................................................ no cure for AIDS.

7. Matthew ........................................... a good friend of M ark’s sister.

8. I ........................................................................... fifteen years old.

9. Luis and Maria ......................................................... social workers.

10.1 reading a book.

11. A hospice ............................................................. a special home.

12. Mary and Martha ........................................... seventeen years old.

13. The lymph glands in my neck ................................................ sore.

14. There ................................................... several doctors in the clinic.

15. The hypodermic needles ............................................. on the table.

16. Alex ........................................................................... a drug user.

3.3. Choose “I’m, he’s, she’s, it’s, you’re, w e’re, or they’re” to complete the

sentences. Rem em ber to start each sentence with a capital letter

1. Mary is at home......................................................................... sick.

2. / do not drink................................................... the designated driver.

3. Mark and Susan went hiking............................................... thirsty.

4. You made a wrong turn............................................................ lost.

5. Lynn and I were in an accident................................. at the hospital.

6. Mark drinks a lot........................................................ an alcoholic.

7. Tom and Lori take drugs.................................................. drug users.

8. Mom is mad at you........................................................ in trouble.

9. We live in an apartment............................................ on Elm Street.

10. Sally just finished high school......................................... „ eighteen.

11. Ann and / are friends..................................... going to the movies.

12. Silvia is an alcoholic................... a member of Alcoholic Anonymous.

13./ do not want a drink........................................................ pregnant.

14. I have a new book....................................................... on the table.

15. I like my neighbours........................................................ friendly.

3.4. Choose “my, your, his, her, our, or th eir” to com plete the sentences

1. Ann has three children............................... children like to read books.

2. We have a dog................................................................... dog is big.

3. The boys have new shoes......................................... shoes are brown.

4. You have long hair..................................................... hair is pretty.

5. Silvia has a new coat....................................................... coat is blue.

6. I have a sister................................................. sister is younger than I.

7. Mike and 1 have cars....................................................... cars are red.

8. Jose has a new house....................................................... house is big.

9. The children have new' toys................................ toys are on the floor.

10. I have a new jo b .................................................... job is nearby.

11. Dick has five cousins...................................... cousins live in Mexico. •

12. Molly and I have bicycles....................................... bicycles are new.

13. You have five fish....................................................... fish arc pretty.

1 4 .1 have a new' telephone........................ number is (310) 694 - 8532.

15. Mary and Smith have a new house.......... house is in the village.

3.5. Choose “at, in, or on” to com plete the sentences

1..........the afterifoon Jose talked with the children.

2..................Sunday, Jose cleaned the garage.

3. 1 have an appointment......................one o'clock.

4. My birthday i s ............................. August.

5. Steven does his h o m e w o rk .............. the evening.

6. The baby s le e p s ..........................night.

7 ...................... the morning, Silvia went to the store.

8 . 1 was b o r n ................August 7,1952.

9. The children go to the p a rk ................the afternoon.

10. My class b e g in s.................. 9:30 am.

1 1 .1 was b o r n .................................. 1948

12....................Wednesday I go to the dentist.

13. My sister takes a n a p ....................the afternoon.

14. My son was b o r n .................October.

15. Easter is..........................April this year.

3.6. Choose “a, an, or so m e” to com plete the sentences

1. Here are........................ oranges

2. They left.......................hour ago.

3. This is................. exercise you will take.

4. There are...................... children still at school

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5. Maria is............................single mother.

6 ..........................people are standing outside our house.

7. He is eating..................................... orange for breakfast.

8.................. old man is walking his dog.

9. There is..............................animal in our backyard.

10. She has........................... twelve year old son.

11. Here i s ................ new exercise.

12 of her friends have high blood pressure.

13. During her lunch break she takes..............walk with her friends.

14. The girls are eating........................... bananas for a snack.

15. I’ve g o t ......more questions to ask you if you don't mind.

16. My wife i s .........doctor.

17. W hat........... wonderful hospital?

18. I need to b u y ............ medicines. I am getting tired.

3.7. C om plete the sentences using one of the words in the parentheses

1. (That, T h o s e ) ...............................................yard is not safe.

2. (That, T h o s e ).......................................... barrels are full of water.

3. (This. T h e s e ) ....................................................bathtub is dirty.

4. (That, T h o se)............................................... children are happy.

5. (This, T h e s e ) ..........................................................Jacuzzi is hot.

6. (This. T h e s e ) ................................................shoes are too tight.

7. (This, T h e s e )..........................................accidents need to stop!

8. (That, those) W here a r e ...................................................keys?

9. (That, T h o s e ) ........................................................ house is big.

10. (This, These)........................................................gate is locked.

11. (This, T h e s e ) ...........................................................fence is tall.

12. (That, T h o s e ) .............................................computer is broken.

13. (This, T h e s e ) ..........................................................girls are smart.

14. (That, T h o s e )............................................................ boy runs fast.

15. (That, those) What i s ............................................over there?

16. (This, T h e s e ) .................................................. marbles are pretty.

17. (This, 'ITiese).................. instruments are the most modern in our country.

18. (That. T h e s e ).............................. hospital is nearly 50 years old.

3.8. Hum an Body Q uiz

1. Your tonsils can get swollen when you have a s o r e ...........................

2. T h e ...................... is located in the middle of the arm.

3. Mv dad’s little ............................was lost in the accident.

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4. The patient lost so much weight, his ...

5. W e'll pul a cool cloth on y o u r..............

6. Another word for belly button i s ..........

7. The newborn baby is getting h i s...........

8. She mav never walk again because her

....... were sunken in.

to get your fever down.

changed in the nursery.

.............. was so badly injured.

9. The on his knee was scraped off when he hit the road.

10. Your grandmother will be able to walk better after his suracrv c *

3.9. Further reading passage

Avoid unnecessary stress

Not all stress can be avoided, and it's not healthy to avoid a situation that needs to be

addressed. You may be surprised, by the number of stressors in your life that you can

eliminate. Learn how to say ‘no’ - Know your limits and stick to them. W hether in your

personal or professional life, refuse to accept added responsibilities when you're close to

reaching them. Taking on more than you can handle is a surefire recipe for stress.

Avoid people who stress you out - If someone consistently causes stress in your life

and you can’t turn the relationship around, limit the amount of time you spend with that

person or end the relationship entirely.

Take control of your environment - If the evening news makes you anxious, turn

the TV off. If traffic’s got you tense, take a longer but less - traveled route. If going to

the market is an unpleasant chore, do your grocery shopping online.

Avoid hot - button topics - If you gel upset over religion or politics, cross them off

your conversation list. If you repeatedly argue about the same subject with ihc same

people, stop bringing it up or excuse yourself when it’s the topic of discussion.

Pare down to do list - Analyze your schedule. If you’ve got too m uch on your

plate, distinguish between the “shoulds” and the “musts." Drop tasks that aren’t truly

necessary to the bottom of the list or eliminate them entirely.

Alter the situation If you can’t avoid a stressful situation, try to alter it. Figure out

what you can do to change things so the problem doesn’t present itself in the future.

Often, this involves changing the way you communicate and operate in your daily life.

Express your feelings instead of bottling them up. If something or someone is

bothering you, communicate your concerns in an open and respectful way. If you d on’t

voice your feelings, resentment will build and ihe situation will likely remain the same.

Be willing to compromise. When you ask someone to change their behaviour, be

willing to do the same. If you both are willing to bend at least a little, you'll have a

good chance of finding a happy middle ground.

Manage your time better. Poor time management can cause a lot of stress. When

you’re stretched too thin and running behind, it’s hard to stay calm and focused. Bui if

you plan ahead and make sure you d o n ’t overextend yourself, you can alter the amount

of stress you’re under.

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