Thực hiện hợp đồng khi hoàn cảnh thay đổi trong Bộ luật dân sự 2015

t^iaptuat&Cxigcsang

Thuc hien hop dong khi hoan canh

thay doi trong B6 luat Din sU 2015*

TS Dirofng Quynh Hoa

KJ

hdi niem ve thuc hien hap

dong khi hodn cdnh thay

Nguydn lac hieu lyc bat bupc

li nguyen tac ndn ting cua phip

lugt hgp ddng. Cac ben khi xic lap

hpp ddng da bang y chi ciia chinh

minh thd hipn cam ket vi mong

union ring bugc vio nghTa vu hgp

ddng, do dd. cic bdn sc cd trach

nhipm thyc hipn nghia vy ngay ca

khi chi phi thyc hidn cd thd ling

len. Chinh dieu nay khang djnh vai

ud hgp ddng nhu mpt cdng cy dd

cac bdn tg ldn kc hogch td chuc ddi

sdng ciia ridng minh. Tuy nhien.

ciing nhu nguyen tac ty do y chi cd

nhimg gidi ban nhat djnh. nguyen

tic hipu lyc bat bupc khdng phai

li mgt nguydn tie tuypt ddi. Qua

trinh thyc hipn hgp ddng cd thd

phat sinh nhiing tinh tidt mi cic

ben can phai xem xet'.

Thyc lien hogt dpng thuang

mai da chiing minh trong cic hgp

ddng, dac biet li hc;^ ddng dai hgn.

cic bdn hgp ddng cd the gap phii

nhiing rui ro do hoin cinh dem lai

nhu thidn tai, khiing hoang kinh

td - xi hpi, thj trudng... lim eho

mpt bdn gap phii khd khan dac

bipt trong v icc thyc hipn nghia \ u.

Nhimg hoin cinh lim thay ddi ca

ban sy cin bang giiia cic nghTa

vy hc^ ddng nhu vgy dugc ggi la

"hoan cinh khd khan", hay "hoan

cinh thay ddi" (trong he thdng

luit hgp ddng qudc te khai niem

niy gpi li hardship hay change of

circumstances)-. Day Ii khii nipm

dugc xiy dung nham phin chia nil

ro trong hgp ddng vi dugc thidt

kd nhu cac quy tac dd giii quydl

cac xung dot ve lgi ich khi cd hoin

canh thay ddi hoac xay ra cac tinh

hudng khdng the ludng trudc dugc

lam thay ddi hoin toin cyc dien

cua hgp ddng. "Hoan cinh thay

ddi" cd thd dugc ghi nhgn tryc tiep

trong bp lugt dan sy ciia cic qudc

gia mdi tien hanh cac hoat dpng tai

phip dldn hda trong thdi gian gan

diy Tuy nhien, do tinh mdi md vi

Anh mmh hoa

hien dai ciia nd. dieu khoan "hoan

cinh thay ddi" thudng dugc phit

tridn bdi an le Ihdng qua viec giii

thich, chi tidt hda nguydn tac thien

chi. Khi dd nguydn tac thipn chi se

dugc van dung dd nhim tai lap lgi

sy can bang tuang ddi giira cic ben

khi thyc hicn hgp ddng.

Mpt sd he thdng phip luit d chau

4u. theo lugt hay in Id, chap nhin ve

nguydn tac chung li hgp ddng ed thd

bl cham diit hay thay ddi khi viec giii

nguydn hgp ddng ban dau keo theo

nhiing he qui khdng thd chap nhan

duge, khdng tuang thich vdi phap

luit vi cdng ly.

Bd lugt Dan sy ciia Y dudng

nhu li bp luat dau tien chap nhan

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' Hd Thi Mai Hidn Sua dfit BLDS Vi^ Nam vd vin (j4 ho ^ thi^n ch4 dinh hpp ding. Nhd mr^c - Phap lu^t. s i 3/2005 (10 -19). tr. 19

' European Contract law- Malenals fix a common frame of reference Terminciogy GuKifng Pnnapte. Model Rutes. Sellier European law

publishers. 2006

LUA T SUVlfeT NAM I s 6 91 THAN G 9-2016