Thu hút đầu tư nước ngoài năm 2009: Bức tranh toàn cảnh

TAI CHINH VT MO ( So 4(69)-2009 )

:•/- f!ni?i

THU HUT DA U TU" NU'O'C NGOAI NAM 2009

BuTc tranh tocin canh

UV:\j hn.''

TS. Nguyin Ba Minh

M Moat dgng ddu tu nu&c ngodi bao gom ddu tu trtrc tiip nu&c ngodi (FDI - Foreign Direct

r~m Investment) vd ddu tugidn tiip nu&c ngodi (FPI - Foreign Portfolio Investment);sau 20

-M. ^M. ndm tiin hdnh m& cu:a, doi m&i manh me nen kinh te, ddu tu nu&c ngodi dd tdc dgng true

tiep den viec cdn doi ngdn sdch, cai thien cdn cdn vdng lai, cdn cdn thanh todn thong qua chuyen

von vdo Vi^tNam vd m&rgng nguon thu ngoai te gian tiep. Dong th&ikhu vuc kinh teco von dautu

nu&c ngodi da dong gdp ddng ke vdo sugia tdng gid tri nen kinh te. Ndm 2008 v&i con so ky luc FDI

dat 64 tido la von ddng ky vd 11,5 tido la von gidi ngdn. Hoat dgng ddu tunu&c ngodi tren thegidi

ndm 2009 seco lai ddng ke do tdc dgng cua khung hoang tdi chinh xudt phdt tic My vd suy thodi kinh

tetodn cau. Viet Nam dii vdn duoc coi Id dia bdn ddu tuhdp, song trong vbngxody cua khiing hoang

do dii ch ung ta cd nhirng co gdng m&i thi th u h ut ddu tu nu&c ngodi cua Viet Nam cdng khong thedi

nguoc xuthe ch ung.

FDI giam so vdi nam 2008:

Theo du bao, von dang ky FDI

nam 2009 cd thi chi bing non

mgt nira so vdi nam 2008, tuc

khoang 20 ti dd la. Su sut giam

nay cd nguyen nhan ciia suy

thoai kinh te toan ciu, mat khac

nhirng du an Idn nhu loc dau, san

xuat thep, khu du Ijch sinh thai

vdi quy md hang ti USD/du an

nhu nam 2008 se it di.Vdn thuc

hien nam 2009 se d miirc nao? Dk

cd can eir xac djnh dugc con so

nay tuong ddi chfnh xac, cin lam

ro them noi ham cua nhiing con

s6 ma chiing ta thudng cdng bo

ve thu hut FDI.

V6n dang ky (committed

capital), la t6ng v6n diu tu ma

cac ben (ca nudc ngoai va Viet

Nam) cam kit, se bd ra de thuc

hien du an dugc cip phep. Vdn

thuc hien FDI ma ta thudng cdng

bd la v6n thuc hien ciia cac

doanh nghiep cd von diu tu nudc

ngoai (FIEs), bao gom ca von

cua ben nudc ngoai va ben Viet

Nam. Vdn ma cac nha dau tu

nude ngoai dua vao Viet Nam,

tren the gidi ggi la vdn nudc

ngoai giai ngan (disbursed

capital), la bao nhieu de thuc

hien du an mdi thuc su cd y

nghTa ddi vdi nen kinh te, ddi vdi

cac can ddi kinh te vT md. Theo

s6 lieu ciia Cue Diu tu nudc

ngoai (http://mpi.gov.vn), qua

20 nam thu hut diu tu nudc

ngoai tir 1988-2007, ben nudc

ngoai (ca v6n gdp va vdn vay) da

giai ngan 37,9 ti do la, bing 45%

so vdi 83 ti dd la t6ng v6n dang

ky ciing ky.

Tru-d-c hit, mot so du an dugc

cip phep, nhung vi nhieu ly do

kh6ng triln khai dugc, bj rut

giiy phep vdi so v6n chilm

khoang 10% tong von dang ky.

Thii- hai, trong von dang ky cd

phan gdp von ciia ben Viet Nam

trong lien doanh, thudng khoang

30%, tfnh ca cac du an 100% von

nudc ngoai (20% tong v6n dSng

ky) thi von gdp cua ben Vi?t

Nam cdn chilm 24% tong v6n

dang ky. Thur ba, von phap djnh

hoac v6n dieu le mdi la quy djnh

cd tinh phap ly buoc nha dau tu

nudc ngoai dua v6n vao Viet

Nam thyc hien du an, ty le nay

khoang 40%. Cdn lai 60%o la v6n

vay, trong dd khoang 30% huy

dgng trong nudc, bing 18% tdng

von dang ky.

Loai trir ba khoan tren, ta thay

FDI chay vao Viet Nam hay von

nudc ngoai giai ngan dl thuc hi?n

du an bang 48% t6ng v6n dang

ky. D I dat dugc 45% theo con so

ciia Cyc Dau tu nudc ngoai hay

48%) theo con so ude tinh, cac d\r

an phai trai qua mgt khoang thdi

gian tuong doi dai, nhiing du dn

cd quy md v6n dau tu cang Idn thi

thdi gian cang dai hon.

Ty le nay cd the dat dugc tinh

tren tdng vdn dang ky ciia cac dir

Tap chf nghien cufu Tdi chfnh ke'todn