Thea writting review 4 ppt

16. According to the utilitarian principles described

in paragraph 2, we should

a. do what will bring us the most happiness.

b. always think of others first.

c. make our intentions clear to others.

d. do what will make the most people the most

happy.

17. In the last sentence, the author’s purpose is to

show that

a. using utilitarianism to make a moral decision

is not always easy.

b. sacrifice is necessary in life.

c. long-term consequences are more important

than short-term consequences.

d. a pro/con list is the most effective technique

for making an important decision.

Questions 18–22 are based on the following passage.

(1) Jazz, from its early roots in slave spirituals and

the marching bands of New Orleans, had developed

into the predominant American musical style by

the 1930s. In this era, jazz musicians played a lush,

orchestrated style known as swing. Played in large

ensembles, also called big bands, swing filled the

dance halls and nightclubs. Jazz, once considered

risqué, was made more accessible to the masses with

the vibrant, swinging sounds of these big bands.

Then came bebop. In the mid-1940s, jazz musicians

strayed from the swing style and developed a more

improvisational method of playing known as bebop.

Jazz was transformed from popular music to an elite

art form.

(2) The soloists in the big bands improvised

from the melody. The young musicians who ushered

in bebop, notably trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie and

saxophonist Charlie Parker, expanded on the

improvisational elements of the big bands. They

played with advanced harmonies, changed chord

structures, and made chord substitutions. These

young musicians got their starts with the leading big

bands of the day, but during World War II—as older

musicians were drafted and dance halls made cut￾backs—they started to play together in smaller

groups.

(3) These pared-down bands helped foster the

bebop style. Rhythm is the distinguishing feature of

bebop, and in small groups the drums became more

prominent. Setting a driving beat, the drummer

interacted with the bass, piano, and the soloists, and

together the musicians created fast, complex

melodies. Jazz aficionados flocked to such clubs as

Minton’s Playhouse in Harlem to soak in the new

style. For the young musicians and their fans this was

a thrilling turning point in jazz history. However, for

the majority of Americans, who just wanted some

swinging music to dance to, the advent of bebop was

the end of jazz as mainstream music.

18. The swing style can be most accurately character￾ized as

a. complex and inaccessible.

b. appealing to an elite audience.

c. lively and melodic.

d. lacking in improvisation.

19. According to the passage, in the 1940s you would

most likely find bebop being played where?

a. church

b. a large concert hall

c. in music schools

d. small clubs

–THEA PRACTICE EXAM 2–

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