Tài liệu Luận văn: Nghiên cứu ngôn ngữ UML và ứng dụng doc

Luận văn

Nghiên cứu ngôn ngữ

UML và ứng dụng

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MUÅC LUÅC

LÚÂI CAÃM ÚN...............................................................................................19

LÚÂI MÚÃ ÀÊÌU...............................................................................................20

MÖÅT SÖË TÛÂ VIÏËT TÙÆT...............................................................................22

Chûúng 1 ......................................................................................................23

TÖÍNG QUAN 1 ............................................................................................23

1.1. Yïu cêìu thûåc tïë ...................................................................................23

Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 2 ............................................................................24

1.2. Giúái thiïåu UML..................................................................................24

Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 3 ............................................................................25

1.3 Nguyïn nhên ra àúâi..............................................................................25

1.3. Nguyïn nhên ra àúâi.............................................................................25

Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 4 ............................................................................26

1.4. Têìm quan troång cuãa viïåc mö hònh hoáa..................................................26

Chûúng 1 ......................................................................................................27

TÖÍNG QUAN 5 ............................................................................................27

1.5. Xu hûúáng phaát triïín trong ngaânh cöng nghïå phêìn mïìm.........................27

Chûúng 1 ......................................................................................................28

TÖÍNG QUAN 6 ............................................................................................28

1.3.3. Sûå höåi tuå cuãa caác cöng nghïå..............................................................28

Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 7 ............................................................................29

1.7. UML húåp nhêët caác yá tûúãng nöîi bêåt vaâ nhûäng vêën àïì thûåc tïë trong quaá

trònh phaát triïín cuãa cöng nghïå phêìn mïìm....................................................29

Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 8 ............................................................................30

1.8. UML àöåc lêåp vúái ngön ngûä lêåp trònh vaâ qui trònh phaát triïín phêìn mïìm..30

Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 9 ............................................................................30

1.9. UML laâ ngön ngûä mö hònh hoáa àa duång (general purpose)....................30

Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 10 ..........................................................................31

1.10. UML àûúåc höî trúå búãi caác cöng ty, cöng cuå phaát triïín phêìn mïìm.........31

1.10.1. UML laâ möåt chuêín cöng nghiïåp ..................................................31

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1.10.2. Caác lúåi ñch cuãa UML...................................................................31

Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 11 ..........................................................................32

1.11. Àöëi vúái ngûúâi sûã duång UML..............................................................32

1.11.1. UML cung cêëp cú chïë múã röång vaâ àùåc biïåt hoáa àïí múã röång caác khaái

niïåm cöët loäi............................................................................................32

Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 12 ..........................................................................33

1.12. UML àêíy maånh taái sûã duång trong nïìn cöng nghïå phêìn mïìm. ..............33

Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 13 ..........................................................................34

1.13. So saánh vúái caác phûúng phaáp khaác.....................................................34

Chûúng 1 ......................................................................................................35

TÖÍNG QUAN 14..........................................................................................35

Chûúng 1 ......................................................................................................36

TÖÍNG QUAN 15..........................................................................................36

1.15. Lõch sûã phaát triïín ..............................................................................36

Chûúng 1 ......................................................................................................36

TÖÍNG QUAN 16..........................................................................................36

Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 17 ..........................................................................37

1.17. Kiïën truác töíng quan cuãa UML...........................................................37

1.17.1. Kiïën truác cuãa UML.....................................................................37

Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 18 ..........................................................................38

1.18. Caác mö hònh......................................................................................38

1.18.1. Cêëu truác View ............................................................................38

Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 19 ..........................................................................39

1.19. Nhûäng lûúåc àöì ..................................................................................39

Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 20 ..........................................................................39

Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 21 ..........................................................................40

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 22.......................................................................................41

2.1. Giúái thiïåu ...........................................................................................41

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 23.......................................................................................42

2.2 Töíng quan vïì caác loaåi quan hïå giûäa caác thaânh töë ...................................42

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 24.......................................................................................43

2.3. Quan hïå töíng quaát hoáa (generalization)................................................43

2.3.1. Quan hïå kïët húåp (association) .......................................................43

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Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 25.......................................................................................44

2.5. Quan hïå phuå thuöåc (dependency).........................................................44

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 26.......................................................................................45

2.6. Töíng quan vïì caác thaânh töë vaâ cêëu truác UML metamodel.......................45

2.6.1. Phên loaåi thaânh töë trong UML metamodel .....................................45

2.6.2. Cêëu truác UML metamodel.............................................................45

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 27.......................................................................................46

2.7. Package Foundation (goái nïìn taãng)......................................................46

2.7.1. Package Core (goái cöët loäi).............................................................46

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 28.......................................................................................47

2.8. Mö hònh Backbone (sûúân)...................................................................47

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 29.......................................................................................48

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 30.......................................................................................49

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 31.......................................................................................49

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 32.......................................................................................50

2.12. Mö hònh Relationships (caác quan hïå)..................................................50

2.12.1. Quan hïå töíng quaát hoáa (generalization)........................................50

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 33.......................................................................................51

2.13. Quan hïå kïët húåp (Association)...........................................................51

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 34.......................................................................................51

2.14. Lúáp kïët húåp (AssociationClass).........................................................51

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 35.......................................................................................52

2.15. Mö hònh Classifiers (caác àùåc biïåt hoáa cuãa classifiers)..........................52

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 36.......................................................................................52

2.16. Class (lúáp)........................................................................................52

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Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 37.......................................................................................53

2.17. Interface (giao diïån)..........................................................................53

2.17.1. DataType (kiïíu dûä liïåu) ..............................................................53

2.17.2. Node (nuát)..................................................................................53

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 38.......................................................................................54

2.38. Component (thaânh phêìn)...................................................................54

2.38.1. Mö hònh Dependencies (caác quan hïå phuå thuöåc)...........................54

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 39.......................................................................................55

2.39. Binding (gùæn)....................................................................................55

2.39.1. Abstraction (trûâu tûúång hoáa) .......................................................55

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 40.......................................................................................55

2.40. Usage (sûã duång)................................................................................55

2.40.1. Permisson (cho pheáp)..................................................................55

2.41.2. Mö hònh AuxiliaryElements (caác thaânh töë böí sung)......................55

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 41.......................................................................................56

2.41. TemplateParameter (tham söë cho mêîu)...............................................56

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 42.......................................................................................56

2.42. PresentationElement (thaânh töë biïíu diïîn trûåc quan) ............................56

2.42.1. Package Extension Mechanisms (goái cú chïë múã röång)..................57

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 43.......................................................................................57

2.43. Constraint (raâng buöåc).......................................................................57

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 44.......................................................................................58

2.44. Tagged Value (theã giaá trõ)..................................................................58

2.44.1. Caác kiïíu dûä liïåu trong UML metamodel (Data Types)..................58

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 45.......................................................................................59

2.45. Caác kiïíu dûä liïåu trong Data Types .....................................................59

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 46.......................................................................................59

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Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 47.......................................................................................60

2.47. Package Behavioural Elements (goái thaânh töë haânh vi).........................60

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 48.......................................................................................61

2.48. Package Common Behavior (goái haânh vi töíng quaát)...........................61

2.48.1. Mö hònh Signals (tñn hiïåu)...........................................................61

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 49.......................................................................................62

2.49. Reception (thaânh töë nhêån tñn hiïåu) .....................................................62

2.49.1. Signal (tñn hiïåu)..........................................................................62

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 50.......................................................................................62

2.50. Exception (löîi biïåt lïå)........................................................................62

2.50.1. Mö hònh Actions (taác àöång).........................................................62

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 51.......................................................................................63

2.51. Argument (àöëi söë).............................................................................63

2.51.1. Action (taác àöång)........................................................................63

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 52.......................................................................................64

2.52. ActionSequence (taác àöång phûác)........................................................64

2.52.1. Mö hònh Instances and Links (thïí hiïån vaâ liïn kïët).......................64

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 53.......................................................................................64

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 54.......................................................................................65

2.54. Stimulus (taác nhên) ...........................................................................65

2.54.2. AttributeLink (theã thuöåc tñnh)......................................................65

2.54.2. LinkEnd (möëi liïn kïët)................................................................65

2.54.3. Link (liïn kïët).............................................................................65

2.54.4. Instance (thïí hiïån) ......................................................................65

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 55.......................................................................................66

2.55. Package Collaborations (goái cöång taác)............................................66

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 56.......................................................................................66

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Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 57.......................................................................................67

2.57. AssociationEndRole (vai cuãa möëi kïët húåp).........................................67

2.57.1. AssociationRole (vai cuãa quan hïå kïët húåp)...................................67

2.57.2. ClassifierRole (vai cuãa Classifier) ...............................................67

2.57.3. Collaboration (cöång taác)..............................................................67

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 58.......................................................................................68

2.58. Message (thöng àiïåp)........................................................................68

2.58.1. Package Use Cases (goái Use Cases).............................................68

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 59.......................................................................................69

2.59. Actor (taác nhên)................................................................................69

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 60.......................................................................................69

2.60. Extend (múã röång)..............................................................................69

2.60.1. Include (bao göìm).......................................................................69

2.60.2. UseCase .....................................................................................69

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 61.......................................................................................70

2.61. Package State Machines (goái mö hònh traång thaái)................................70

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 62.......................................................................................71

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 63.......................................................................................71

2.63. StateVertex (àiïím traång thaái).............................................................71

2.63. State (traång thaái) ...............................................................................71

2.63.1. PseudoState (traång thaái giaã).........................................................71

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 64.......................................................................................73

2.64. Transition (chuyïín traång thaái)............................................................73

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 65.......................................................................................73

2.65. CompositeState (traång thaái phûác).......................................................73

2.65.1. StateMachine .................................................................................74

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 66.......................................................................................74

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2.66. Mö hònh Events (sûå kiïån)...................................................................74

2.66.1. Package Activity Graphs (goái lûúåc àöì hoaåt àöång).........................74

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 67.......................................................................................75

2.67. ActionState (traång thaái hoaåt àöång)......................................................75

2.67.1. ActivityGraph (àöì thõ hoaåt àöång).................................................75

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 68.......................................................................................76

2.68. ObjectFlowState (traång thaái àöëi tûúång luên chuyïín)............................76

2.68.1. Partition (vuâng) ..........................................................................76

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 69.......................................................................................76

2.69. Package Model Management (goái quaãn trõ mö hònh)...........................76

2.69.1. Elementimport............................................................................77

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 70.......................................................................................77

2.70. Model (mö hònh)...............................................................................77

2.70.1. Package (goái)..............................................................................77

2.70.2. Subsystem (hïå thöëng con)...........................................................77

Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML

(UML Semantic) 71.......................................................................................78

2.71. Toám tùæt.............................................................................................78

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................78

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 72 ...................................................78

3.1. Giúái thiïåu ...........................................................................................78

Chûúng 3 HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 73....................................79

3.2. Caác thaânh phêìn cú baãn cuãa lûúåc àöì ......................................................79

3.2.1. Àöì thõ vaâ nöåi dung (Graphs and their Contents)..............................79

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................80

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 74 ...................................................80

3.3. Caác àûúâng dêîn (Drawing Paths) ..........................................................80

3.3.1. Caác liïn kïët êín vaâ vai troâ cuãa cöng cuå............................................80

3.3.2. Thöng tin nïìn (Background Information).......................................80

3.3.3. Chuöîi (String), tïn (Name),nhaän (Label) vaâ tûâ khoáa.......................81

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................81

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 75 ...................................................81

3.4. Biïíu thûác (Expression)........................................................................81

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3.4.1. Ghi Chuá (Note).............................................................................81

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................82

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 76 ...................................................82

3.5. Sûå tûúng quan giûäa caác loaåi thaânh töë vaâ thïí hiïån cuãa noá........................82

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................82

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 77 ...................................................82

3.6. Caác thaânh phêìn quaãn trõ mö hònh (model management).........................82

3.6.1. Goái (Package)...............................................................................82

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................83

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 78 ...................................................83

3.7. Caác thaânh phêìn quaãn trõ mö hònh (model management).........................83

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................84

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 79 ...................................................84

3.8. Subsystem..........................................................................................84

3.8.1. Ngûä nghôa ....................................................................................84

3.8.2. Kyá hiïåu ........................................................................................84

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................85

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 80 ...................................................85

3.9 Caác thaânh phêìn quaãn trõ mö hònh (model management)..........................85

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................85

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 81 ...................................................85

3.10. Model...............................................................................................85

3.10.1. Ngûä nghôa...................................................................................85

3.10.2. Kyá hiïåu ......................................................................................85

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................86

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 82 ...................................................86

3.11. Caác cú chïë múã röång töíng quaát............................................................86

3.11.1. Raâng buöåc (Constraint) vaâ chuá thñch (Comment)..........................86

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................87

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 83 ...................................................87

3.12. Kyá hiïåu.........................................................................................87

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................87

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 84 ...................................................87

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................88

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 85 ...................................................88

3.13. Thuöåc tñnh cuãa caác thaânh töë (Element Properties) ...............................88

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................89

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HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 86 ...................................................89

3.14. Caác mêîu (Stereotypes).......................................................................89

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................89

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 87 ...................................................89

3.15. Caác lûúåc àöì.......................................................................................89

3.15.1. Giúái thiïåu...................................................................................89

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................90

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 88 ...................................................90

3.16. Lûúåc àöì lúáp (Class Diagram).............................................................90

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................91

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 89 ...................................................91

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................91

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 90 ...................................................91

3.17. Chûác nùng.........................................................................................91

3.17.1. Caác thaânh phêìn chñnh..................................................................91

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................92

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 91 ...................................................92

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................93

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 92 ...................................................93

3.18. Interface ...........................................................................................93

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................94

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 93 ...................................................94

3.19. Caác loaåi quan hïå................................................................................94

3.19.1. Quan hïå kïët húåp (association)......................................................94

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................94

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 94 ...................................................94

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................95

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 95 ...................................................95

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................95

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 96 ...................................................95

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................96

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 97 ...................................................96

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................97

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 98 ...................................................97

3.20. Quan hïå töíng quaát hoáa.......................................................................97

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................97

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 99 ...................................................97

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Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................98

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 100 .................................................98

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................98

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 101 .................................................98

3.21. Quan hïå phuå thuöåc (Dependency)......................................................98

Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................99

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 101 .................................................99

3.22. Caác thaânh töë àûúåc tñnh toaán (hay àûúåc dêîn xuêët – derived Element)....99

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................100

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 103 ...............................................100

3.23. Lûúåc àöì àöëi tûúång (Object Diagram)................................................100

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................100

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 104 ...............................................100

3.24. Caác thaânh phêìn chñnh ......................................................................100

3.24.1. Caác àöëi tûúång (Objects) ............................................................100

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................101

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 105 ...............................................101

3.25. Àöëi tûúång gheáp (Composite Object).................................................101

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................102

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 106 ...............................................102

3.26. Caác liïn kïët (Link)..........................................................................102

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................103

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 107 ...............................................103

3.27. Lûúåc àöì Use Case (Use Case Diagram)............................................103

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................103

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 108 ...............................................103

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................104

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 109 ...............................................104

3.29. Caác thaânh phêìn chñnh ......................................................................104

3.29.1. Caác Use case ............................................................................104

3.29.2. Caác taác nhên (Actors)................................................................104

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................105

Hïå thöëng kyá hiïåu (UML Notation) 110.........................................................105

3.30. Caác quan hïå trïn Use case ...............................................................105

Chûúng 3 HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 111................................106

3.31. Caác quan hïå trïn actor.....................................................................106

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................106

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HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 112 ...............................................106

3.32. Lûúåc àöì tuêìn tûå (Sequence Diagram)...............................................106

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................107

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 113 ...............................................107

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................107

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 114 ...............................................107

3.33. Caác thaânh phêìn chñnh ......................................................................107

3.33.1. Viïåc taåo vaâ huãy möåt àöëi tûúång...................................................108

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................108

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 115 ...............................................108

3.34. Thöng àiïåp khöng àöìng böå vaâ àïå qui ...............................................108

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................109

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 116 ...............................................109

3.35. Thúâi gian chuyïín thöng àiïåp trong lûúåc àöì tuêìn tûå ...........................109

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................109

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 117 ...............................................109

3.36. Lûúåc àöì cöång taác (Collaboration Diagram).......................................109

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................110

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 118 ...............................................110

3.37. Caác thaânh phêìn chñnh ......................................................................110

3.37.1. Caác àöëi tûúång ...........................................................................110

3.37.2. Caác liïn kïët ..............................................................................110

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................111

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 119 ...............................................111

3.38. Thöng àiïåp vaâ caác kñch thñch ...........................................................111

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................112

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 120 ...............................................112

3.39. Cuá phaáp àùåt tïn nhaän.......................................................................112

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................113

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 121 ...............................................113

3.40. Lûúåc àöì traång thaái (Statechart Diagram)...........................................113

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................113

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 122 ...............................................113

3.41. Caác thaânh phêìn chñnh ......................................................................113

3.41.1. Traång thaái (state) ......................................................................113

Chûúng 3....................................................................................................114

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 123 ...............................................114

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Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................115

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 124 ...............................................115

3.42. Traång thaái gheáp (Composite state)....................................................115

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................115

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 125 ...............................................115

3.42. Sûå kiïån (event)................................................................................115

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................116

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 126 ...............................................116

3.43. Caác chuyïín àöíi traång thaái àún giaãn (simple transitions) ....................116

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................117

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 127 ...............................................117

3.44. Caác chuyïín àöíi traång thaái phûác taåp (complex transitions)..................117

3.43.1. History Indicator.......................................................................117

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................118

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 128 ...............................................118

3.45. Caác traång thaái àöìng böå (synch states)...............................................118

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................118

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 129 ...............................................118

3.46. Lûúåc àöì hoaåt àöång (Activity Diagram).............................................118

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................119

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 130 ...............................................119

3.47. Caác thaânh phêìn chñnh ......................................................................119

3.46.1. Caác traång thaái haânh àöång (action state)......................................119

3.46.2. Caác quyïët àõnh (decisions)........................................................119

Chûúng 3....................................................................................................120

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 131 ...............................................120

3.48. Swimlanes vaâ àöëi tûúång trong lûúåc àöì hoaåt àöång..............................120

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................121

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 132 ...............................................121

3.49. Caác biïíu tûúång àiïìu khiïín ...............................................................121

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................122

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 133 ...............................................122

3.50. Lûúåc àöì thaânh phêìn (Component Diagram)......................................122

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................122

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 134 ...............................................122

3.51. Caác thaânh phêìn chñnh ......................................................................122

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................123

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HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 135 ...............................................123

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................123

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 136 ...............................................123

3.52. Lûúåc àöì triïín khai (Deployment Diagram) .......................................123

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................125

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 137 ...............................................125

3.53. Toám tùæt...........................................................................................125

Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................125

HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 138 ...............................................125

3.54. Toám tùæt...........................................................................................125

Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 139 ...................................................................................................126

4.1. Giúái thiïåu .........................................................................................126

4.2. Giúái thiïåu Rational Unified Process (RUP) ........................................126

4.2.1. Khaái quaát vïì RUP.......................................................................126

Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 140 ...................................................................................................127

4.3. Giúái thiïåu Rational Unified Process (RUP) ........................................127

Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 141 ...................................................................................................128

4.4 Giúái thiïåu Rational Unified Process (RUP) .........................................128

4.4.1. Kiïën truác cuãa RUP......................................................................128

Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 142 ...................................................................................................128

4.5 Giúái thiïåu Rational Unified Process (RUP).........................................128

Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 143 ...................................................................................................129

4.6. Giúái thiïåu Rational Unified Process (RUP) ........................................129

4.6.1. Cêëu truác tônh cuãa quy trònh..........................................................130

Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 144 ...................................................................................................130

4.7. Giúái thiïåu Rational Unified Process (RUP) ........................................130

4.7.1. Caác àùåc àiïím phên biïåt cuãa RUP so vúái caác quy trònh phaát triïín phêìn

mïìm khaác............................................................................................130

Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 145 ...................................................................................................131

4.8. RUP têåp trung vaâo kiïën truác phêìn mïìm..............................................131

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Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 146 ...................................................................................................132

4.9. RUP laâ quy trònh lùåp vaâ tùng trûúãng tûâng bûúác...................................132

Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 147 ...................................................................................................133

4.10. ÛÁng duång UML trong RUP .............................................................133

Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 148 ...................................................................................................134

4.11. Mö hònh hoáa nghiïåp vuå (business modeling).....................................134

4.11.1. Mö hònh nghiïåp vuå (Business Use Case)....................................134

Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 149 ...................................................................................................135

4.12. ÛÁng duång UML trong RUP .............................................................135

Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 150 ...................................................................................................135

4.13. Mö hònh àöëi tûúång nghiïåp vuå (Business Object)...............................135

Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 151 ...................................................................................................136

4.13. Xaác àõnh yïu cêìu (requirements)......................................................136

Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 152 ...................................................................................................137

Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 153 ...................................................................................................137

4.14. Phên tñch (analysis).........................................................................137

Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 154 ...................................................................................................138

Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 155 ...................................................................................................139

Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 156 ...................................................................................................140

4.15. Thiïët kïë (design).............................................................................140

Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 155 ...................................................................................................141

Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN

MÏÌM 155 ...................................................................................................141

4.16. Caâi àùåt (implementation).................................................................142