Tài chính vi mô và người nghèo

"tal ,cHiNN>tllJO. fA"NGUillN6HEO

'; ,,<; ,:," \\"," ',>~C'v' ' ,;",;",' "',i:

T

' ,,", '~ai~vOi suy ng,hithongtW~hg,' Ph~~ MihhNg~y~.t.* ,~:,','

,ngu'C1ingMo cGng c6 nhu,C,8u ,,",'.: " ,":' ': i ",.' v~/sadl:mgnhieu10<;1ihihbd[ch chf~~chfnh',thuiithi§ac:h~J~?n!!lpl1i,

vl;J.t~ichfnh, bao gom tiengl(i,Eho c.hfnhthuchhLfcaCn(>iti~tki$m"vatin'

vayva cacd!chvI,)tai chfnhkM~, Ho dl,)ng,nhiifi'g ngl/C1i<?ho,vay"ti~n va

sa dl,)ng cac d!ch,VI,) taichfp;h ~i ca; ~i~~,h(>i~boo~hi~m-,tl/Ong'tr~)a,n nhCtngIfdo tl/ong tl,fnhl/ bat kirf1(>tai to~ 0 hau,het,~~c rJ.U'dcdangPh9,t,

khac:nham namibat cac eOhOik{nh triem.Ngl/C1ingMo cJjngc6 th~ vj$D'

doanh; xay dl,fng, ho~n thie~ nha den cac tai san'khac cua h9nhl/,y~t

caa;trang trai cac:khoa~chi tieti)IOn nuoi,v~t Ii~uxaydlfngva tien m~fcat,

I khac;va doi ph~;,Vc1\. nhCtng"'trvang gilt t<;1i giakhi co nhucauvetai chfrih.

h~p khfin cap nhl/"mat mua, dich Ho~c nhl/ m(>t nong dan ngh~q c6"

b$nh, ma chay, cl/oi hoL.. Trang th~ tMchap cacvI,)lhu hO<;1c,h,trang,

nhieuthe ki, ngl/C1ingheoda den voi tl/ong lai d~ mua;phanb6.ntren,cd s~,

I nhacung ung dg thoa man cac nhu tin dl,)ngWcac ngl/di ban Ie.' '

cautai chfnhcua minh.Trang khi da Tuy nhi~n,'cac d!ChVI,)tai chinh

I s6 ngl/C1ingheo kh6 co th~ tiep c~n doi voi ngl/C1ingheo thl/C1ngbj h~n

voicacnganhangvacacto chuctai che vi chi phi cao, nhieurui ro~a

sadl,)ngn('>ib('>.

(Xembang trangtrtlde).

Cac nha hO<;lchdjnh chinh sach

sti dlJng l<;Imphcit ctYban nhLf thlf

nao?

PhanIon cacto chuc thongke sa

d~ngI~mphatcOban nhl/ m(>tchi so

bosung cho chi so l<;1mphat CPI va

cong bo cung voj chi so I~m phat

CPI.M(>tso NHTW hl/ong den ml,)c

tieul<;1mphatnhl/ Canada,Sec,Phan

Lan, Thai Lan, Nam Phi va Han

. Quoc, dung l<;1mpMt COban voi tl/

cach la ml,)ctieu ho~t d(>ngd~ xay

I dlfngchinhsach tien t$.

Ph dong hu'ong xac

dinh l~m phat cd ban

chinh thuc d Philippines

Djnh nghia chinh thLic ve' l<;Im

phat ctYban,

a Philippines, djnh ngh'ia l<;1m

phat cOban chfnhthuc da dl/<;1ccong

b6. Nam 2003, H(>idong Dieu phoi

Thong ke quoc gia (NSCB) da pM

chu€in d!nh nghia chfnh thuc va

phLtOngphap lu~n xac d!nh I~mphat

Cdban a Philippines bang phl/ong

phap10<;1i tn!. Theo do, trong khi l<;1m

phat CPI dl/<;1Ctinh theo bien d(>ng

hang nam cua chi so CPI chung thi

l<;1m pMt COban chfnh thuc sa dLt<;1C

xac d!nh theo ti 1$thay doi cua I~m

pMt CPI sau khi 10<;1i tn! cac nhom

hangIl/ongthl,fCva nangILt~ng.

T<;Iisao phLfl1ngphap 10<;litrit

dU't1cItftJ chc;mde xac djnh l<;Im

phcit ctYban?

Phl/Ongphap 10<;1i trlt dl/<;1ch9n

bai vi: (1) de hi~u hOnso voi cac

phl/ong phap khac; (2) minh b~ch

hon va ai cOngco th~ tinh dl/<;1Cde

dangtlt cac dlt li~uve CPI; (3)co th~

tfnh trang cung thC1iki voi I~m pMt

CPI;va (4) phuhc;Jpvoi thOng1$quoc

te ve vi$c 10<;1i trlt cac thanh phan

ILtongthl,fCva nang 1l/<;1ngtrang CPI.

Do l<;1m phatCOban la m(>tkhaini$m

tl/ong doi moi doi voi cong chung,

cac nha ho~ch d1nhchfnh sach tin

tl/ang rangHnhdon giancua phl/ong

phap lo~i trlt c6 th~ lam cho cong

chung de hi~u hon va W do, gop

phan gay dl,fng sl,f tin nhi~m trong

vi$c sa dl,)ngI~mphat cOban.

NhCing nhom hang nao dU't1c

10<;litrit khi tinh l<;Imphcit ctYban?

NhCtngnhom hang dLt<;1c10<;1i tn!

khi xac d!nh l<;1mpMt COban dl,fatren

COsb danh ml,)c cac thanh phan cua

CHi_. r.NI~ ~

W£~~~UIS

CPI va tr9ngso cua chungtrongCPI

tl/ong ung (2000= 100), dola:

G~o (9,4%);

NgOcoc (0,9%);

Hoa qua va rau (5,3%);

LPG (1,3%);

Dau laa (0,3%);

Dau, xang, diezen(1,3%)

Toan b(> cac khoan ml,)Ctren

chiem 18,4% trang CPI. Danh ml,)c

cac khoan ml,)c lo~i trlt sa dl/<;1c

NSCB va Uy ban thong ke v~t gia

xemxet lai moi khicac dlt lieuve CPI

co sl,fthay doL .

Cty quan Chinh phu nao c6ng

. b6' cac dCi'Ii~u l<;Imphcit cty ban

chinh thLic?

NSOtinh toanvacongboti 1$I~m

phat COban chfnh thuc cung vOjtJI~

I~mpMt CPI.

L<;Imphcit cty ban co the thay

the'l<;Imphat CPIhay kh6ng?

L~m phat COban khOngth~ thay

the cho l<;1mphat CPI. N6 dl/<;1csa

dl,)ngnhl/ m(>tchi tieu b6 sung ve

dien bien gia ca chungcuahang hoa

va d!chVl,)..

Nguon:WebsiteuaNHTUPhilippines

www.bsp.gov.pb.

khongthu~nti$n.Tien m~t cat gilt t~i

gia co th~ b! mat cap va giam gia tr!

vi I~m phat. M(>tcon be khong thg

chia nhova ban tU'nggoi d~ dap ung

cac nhu cau tien mi;ita quy mo nho.

M(>tso lo~i tin dl,)ng,d~c bi$t la tlt

nhltng ngLtC1i cho vay tien, co chi phf

rat cao. Cac h(>itiet ki$m va tin dl,)ng

thi day rui ro va thl/<'1ngkhong co

nhieu sl! linh hO<;1t ve khoi 1l/<;1nghay

tMi h~n cua cac khoan tien gill va

cho vay. Tai khoan tien gill yeu cau

m(>tso 1l/<;1ngtoi thi~u va co th~ c6

nhiing quydinhrut ra cling nhac.Cac

khoan cho vay cua cac tochuc chfnh

thuc thllC1ngdei hoi tai san the chap

.H9C vi~n Toi chinh

~ cuiNCANIIANc -wj 9 HAM2004 69