Sử dụng kênh hình trong sách giáo khoa để dạy học địa lý ở tiểu học theo hướng phân hóa

SU" DUNG KENH HIN H TRONG SACH GlAO KHOA

DE DAY HDC DIA Ll D TIEU HOC THED HUDNG PHAN HOA

Q ThS. NGUYI N THI HONG CHUYDN"

Sdch gido khoa (SGK) mdn Ljch su vd Dja If d Sy phdn hod cd thi dugc xem xet theo nhieu

hlu hpe duqc trinh bdv cd sy kit hqp chdt cdch, gdc dp khdc nhau, nhung quon trpng nhd't

che giua kdnh ehu vd icdnh hinh trong tung Id myc hdu eua sy phdn hod Id hudng tdi DH

bdi hpe vd trong todn bd cudn sdch. Kdnh ehu ed nhdm phu hqp vdi nhu cdu cuo tdt cd HS (4). Tuy

vai trd cung cdp nhung thdng hn trpng tdm eua nhidn, DHPH khdng ddng nghTo vdi DH cd nhdn.

bdi hpe vd dua ra cdc edu ldnh de hudng dan Trong DHPH GV se phdi bd tri thdi gion sao eho

HS Idm vide vdi thdng Hn, vdi dd dung DH vd lidn vuo cd co hdi Idm vide ed Idp, Idm vide theo nhdm

hd vdi thuc te d l Hm ra kiln thuc mdi. Kdnh hinh, vd Idm vide vdi ed nhdn. Dieu ndy giup phdt triln

vdi chuc ndng Idm ngudn tri thue, duoc chu trpng khd ndng nhqn thuc vd lo ndng cung nhu xdy

hon chuc ndng minh hoq cho kdnh ehu. dyng y thue cpng dong khi Idm viec theo nhdm

De phdt huy voi trd mang tfnh tfch eye cua ^^° '^^^

kdnh hinh trong qud trinh day hoe (DH), gido , Xet theo phuong dldn hoqt ddng euo ngudi

vidn (GV) phdi su dyng cdc' phuong phdp DH dqy, GV ed the phdn hod cdc yeu tS: npi dun^,

tfch cue, linh hoot. Ddc bidt, vdn dung trilt if day ^^X ^'"' l ^ ° ^," r°'^ ,*:"° q" ° ^^ , £ ^<®"

hoe phdn hda (DHPH) di td chuc hudng ddn DH f^ ^^ ^"^^ "g^ ' *1*?^'.^? •^ W " ^°P "^?°: 1°"^

ed hidu qud, phu hop vdi moi dd'i tuong, too ^^ f." '^"sJc^i.?^ ' "^^ ^ °^''° "^

L' tL' L \ - L uc • o • hoc tap CUO HS (4). hung mu hoe tap cho H5. T L - !-\ • L ' »-• J -i ' 1 ii-» • -' •-' j-j -' rvuDLj Trong boi viet nay, ehung toi duo ra mot vi I. Mot so von de ve DHPH . ^ P^SDU IL LIL rMj»_ - • J kA^uQji* ' LL' L 'i-' i L:A_ -- dyve DHPH theo quy h-inhDH h-ong Viec sudyng MOI HS deu co sy khac nhau ve trai nghidm song, ^^^^ ^^^^ ^ ^ ^ PH phdn dio li mdn u3i

von hoo, ngon ngu, gioi tinh, sd thich, torn the sSn ^^ ^^ ^^^ /. ^ ^j| ^ ^^

sdng hpe tap, che dp hpe top, cdc yeu to ho trq vide 2 Phdn hod quy h-inh DH

hpe tpp, sy h/ nhdn thue eua ngudl hpe, sy h/ Hn, ^ ^ Deborah Bloz, phdn hod quy trinh DH

Knh dpc lap... (1) Do vqy, neu su dyng mpt phuong (jj fferentioting by process) Id su luo chon cdc

phdp, mdt edeh thuc ldm vide chung eho mpi ddi hoat dpng hoc tdp hade chiln luoc khde nhau 6i

hrong hpe thi se khdng phdt huy tdi da duqc hem tg* chuc hudng don HS khdm phd cdc khdi niem

lye eua ngudi hpe. Theo Gayle H Gregory vd trong bdi hpe dya trdn hung ttiu, ndng lye nhdn

Carolyn M. Chapman, vdi cung mpt edeh thue DH thuc, hodc phong cdch hpe top cuo HS (5).

thi khdng thi phu hpp vdi tdt ed ddi hrong (2). Theo Anderson, phdn hod quy h-lnh lidn quan

Chfnh vi le dd, ddi hdi phdi ed sy phdn hod din cdch md HS hilu vd ddng hod duqc nhung

h-ong qud hinh hpe tdp. Myc dfeh cuo sy phdn hod sy kidn, khdi niem vd kT ndng cuo bdi hpe thdnh

Id Idm cha moi ngudi hpe duqc thu thden vd phdt edi thupc sd huu cuo minh (d).

h-iln (3). Trilt If DH ndy dya frdn co sd If thuylt tom Nhu vdy, phdn hod quy trinh duqc hilu Id vdi

li hpe phdt h-lln cua Vygotsky v l «vung phdt toin cung mpt npl dung, kT ndng nhung duqc dua ro

gdn nhdt" Theo dd, «DH duqc col Id idt nhdt nlu nd vdl sy ho h-q khde nhou cd thi mong tfnh thu thdch

di h-udc sy phdt triln vd keo theo sy phdt toin" l^odc ed tfnh chdt phuc tap hon. Khi duo ra nhidm

Cd rdt nhilu nhd khoo hoc trdn thi gidi dd ^M ^9^ ^aP' ;'<^' ""^^"9 HS khd gidi, GV ndu cdc

nghidn cuu vd dua ra cdc quan niem v l DHPH, ca" ^'dl ddi hdi ede em phdi tfch eye to duy linh

trong dd ndi bdt Id Carol Ann Tomlinson mdt ^^'^> *<?o ^o hpi cho HS Idm vide ddc ldp nhidu

trong nhung nhd nghidn cuu vd phdn tfch di ddu ^^'^ v° 9'°" ^^^ ^o'' 9*°" ^^^ "^^^ n^^'?"" ^V

v l DHPH. Theo toe gid thi DHPH Id mdt trilt If d l cho nhung HS ndy khdng edm thdy qud nhdm

mdt cdch suy nghT v l dqy vd hpe (1). * Tnrdng Bai lioc sir pham • BH Tliai Nguyen

TapchiGiaoducs6264 (ki2-6/2011)