Sử dụng bản đồ khái niệm trong dạy học phần "di truyền học" (Sinh học 12)

SUf DUNG BAN DO KHAI NIEM

TRONG DAY HOC PHKN "Dl TRUYE'N HOC (SINH HOC 12)

O ThS. PHA M THI H6N G TU'

^dl vdi bd mdn Sinh hgc (SH), ddc bl$t Id

Tphdn Dl truyin hpe (DTH), kiln thiic co bdn

Hd h | thd'ng cdc khdl nl|m (KN), quy ludt SH

lidn h§ chdt ehS vdi nhou, dupe hinh thdnh vd

phdt h-lln rtieo m$t trdt h/ logic khoo hpc. Nhl§m

vy dpy - hpc phdn DTH (SH.l 2) Id h | thdng hod

cde KN v l DTH dd hpc d SH. 9, trdn co sd dd

ndng cao vd md r^ng kiln thue v l DTH d SH. 12.

Sy phdt trlln vd bd sung nhQng kiln thue mdl

khdng nhQng chi h'ong mdt bdl (eo chi ty soo

cuo ADN) md cd thi trong cd chucmg, hodc hodn

thl$n ddn quo cdc chuong (KN gen, sy vdn d^ng

Clio nhllm sdc ihl)... Do thdi glan cho mdt fidt

hpc cd hpn ndn vl ^ glup hpe sinh (HS) nhd Ipi

eOng nhu phdt h-lln lidn tllp cde KN edn hpn chi.

Mdt khdc cdc KN phdn DTH mang tinh khdl qudt,

frCru hjpng eoo ndn khi hpc tpp phdn DTH, HS

thudng gdp nhllu khd khdn. D l ndng coo chd't

lirt^ng dpy - hpc phdn DTH, gido vidn (GV) cdn

ed edeh tht/c td chuc dpy hpc soo cho vua t$n

dyng td'l do thdi glon h-ong Hit hpc vCro rdn luy^n

eho HS cdc thoo tdc tu duy logic, tu duy h$ thdng...

glup HS chu ddng dn tdp cdc KN ed lidn quan vd

blet he thdng hod cdc KN, duo KN mdl hpe vdo

hd thdng cdc KN dd hpc. Dd cd nhllu bl|n phdp

ndng coo hl^u qud dpy hpc phdn DTH, trong dd

Sl) dyng bdn 66 khdl nl§m (BDKN) Id m§t hudng

i>ng dyng dem Ipi hl^u qud coo.

1. Thi ndo td BDKN. BDKN Id cdng cy dpng

so dd, diJng d l sdp xIp vd trinh hay kiln thue.

Chung boo gdm cdc KN vd cdc Kr (ho^e cdc cym

h>) lidn kit chi mdl quon h$ glQa cdc KN. V l cd'u

h-uc, mdt BDKN cd 3 yiu td tpo thdnh dd Id cdc

KN (gdm KN trpng tdm; cdc KN then chdt), cdc h>

ndl ehl mdl quan h§ glOa 2 KN vd cdc mOI tin

chi mdl quon hd gtuo cdc KN dd. V l bdn chdt

BDKN Id cdng ey tu duy hi^u qud, kich thCeh bd

ndo hopt d$ng vd lidn kit cdc y h/dng vdi nhau,

dya trdn cdc quy ludt h/ duy Id mpi thdng tin tdn

tpl trong ndo b^ cOa con ngudi diu cdn cd cdc

mdi lien kit de ed ihl dupe luu glu vd su dyng.

So vdi cde dpng so dd khde, BDKN ed ddc

dllm ndl b^t Id thi hl$n mdt cdch rd rdng vd

mpch Ipc sy phdn cdp cOng nhu mdl quan h$

glOa cdc KN, cho phdp md td h| thdng kiln thi>c

vdi edu trOe rdng ldn, phuc tgp... Do v$y, frong

hopt d$ng dpy • hpc, BDKN Id cdng ey hOu ich

h$ thdng hdo KN vd ghl ehdp h5m tdt kiln thue, Kr

dd gi6p HS d l hiiu, d l nhd, nhd Idu vd vdn dyng

kiln thijc tdt hon. Mdt khdc BDKN khi thi^ l$p vdi

phdn mim Cmop tools cd thi tidn kit vdi cdc tdl

nguydn (tranh dnh, video...) thudn tpl cho vi|c

khol thdc kiln thi/e, tpo hOng thu trong hpc tdp,

chia sd thdng fin trdn mpng Internet vd nhllu i>ng

dyng hihj feb khde. Cd thi su dyng BDKN nhu

mdt kr thudt dpy hpe hl|u qud trong nhllu hvdng

hpp nhu dpy bdl mdl, cung ed kiln ihuc, ddnh

gid, l^p k l hopch gidng dpy vd hudng dfin HS

h; hpc. Trong gldi hpn bdl vllt, chur>g tdl chi dl

edp din vd'n c^ su dyng BDKN trong khdu day

bdl mdi.

2. St> dyng BDKN trong dpy bdl mdl

1) Quy Irinh chung cua vl^c sffd^ng 0DKN

frongf dgy bdl mdt: - 8udc /; GV cung cdp cdc

dpng BDKN Ididc nhou tOy ndi dung (trong trudng

hpp hodn lhi$n cdc nhdnh cOa bdn dd sou mdl

hopt ddng thi khdng cdn). GV dua hd thd'ng cdc

edu hdl ndu vdn d l kit hpp vdi vl|c td chik cdc

hopt ddng d l djnh hudng HS h> vl$c dn tdp kiln

thijc cO din vl ^ khai thdc kiln thue mdl vd hodn

thl$n bdn dd qua dd HS linh h§i dupe kiln thiic;

- Budc 2: HS h/ lye tdm vl|e eung vdi cdc phuong

tl§n vd tdi li^u GV cung cd'p d l khdm phd kiln

thik thdng qua khol thde BDKN hodn ehinh e6

sdn hodc hodn thi^n cdc dpng BDKN (BDKN

khuylt, BDKN hSn hpp chua ddy di3...), hodc ddn

ddn x6y dyng BDKN tung budc qua hS thdng

cdu hdl c^nh hudng ciJa GV (HS ed thi hoot ddnq

ed nhdn vd hopt ddng nhdm); - Budc 3: GV bo

sung cdc kiln thOx: hodc gldl thich chi filt hon

* TnMH PM tbtag Viig cao Y^t Bic

Tap chi Glao due s6 29 5 (ki i • lo/aoia)