Sách và việc đọc xưa của người dân Việt Nam

Sach VQ viec doc X\JQ

CUQ ngirdi don Viel Ncim

DuUng Quynh TuUng

TTTT-TV, Trudng OHKH Hue

Sach la mdn 3n tinh than khdng the thieu ddi

vdi ddi sdng con ngUdi. TCf xa xUa con

ngUdi da ludn quan tam den sach va dpc

sach, bdi sach la ngudn cung cap thdng tin, la

"kho bau vd gia" ciia nhan loai. Xa hdi Vift Nam

thdi phong kien tif 1945 trd ve trUdc dau cdn

nhieu han che cua thdi dai, song da rat chu trpng

viec 6oc sach nhSm tao ra mdt dpi ngu trf thifc cd

hpc, cd kien thifc uyen tham de lap than, lap

qudc. Ngay nay, viec dpc sach va v3n hda dpc

ludn la de tai dUdc chiing ta quan tam bdi nd

mang lai nhieu hiiii fch to Idn trong viec nang cao

trinh dp dan trf, dao tao nhan lUc va bdi dUdng

nhan tai. Day la mdt chii de rdng Idn, dUdc nhieu

nha thu vifn hpc, nghien cifu d nhieu gdc dp khac

nhau va nd se dUdc trUdng tdn vdi thdi gian.

Trong khudn kho bai viet nay chiing tdi chi de cap

den viec dpc sach, v3n hda dpc, mdt sd bien phap

nham nang cao chat lUdng dpc d Viet Nam trUdc

n3m 1945 va y nghla thiet thUc ciia nd trong v3n

hda dpc ngay nay.

1. Khai nifm ve Sach

Thuat {.gS Sach trcng tieng Trung Qudc gpi la

"thU^, "kinh", tieng Phap: chiJ "Bibliotheque"co

nguon gdc tif chi? Hy Lap "Bibli''c\i\ sach vd cd

trong thu vifn. Tieng Latinh gpi sach la "Liver"

I xuat phat tif thd vd cay. NgUdi Anh gpi sach la

^Book, ngUdi Oifc gpi sach la Bukxuat phat tif loai

,nguyen lifu dimg de san xuat ra giay. NgUdi Nga

jgpi sach la Knhiga bat ngudn tif tieng Thd Nhi Ky

fia tieng Mdng Co nghia la "re cay". NgUdi Viet

ijNam gpi la sach 6MC lam tir cac vat lifu khac

tihau tiiy theo sU bien thien ciia cac thdi dai.

SU xuat hien cua chu" viet da danh dau bUdc

tien bd vUdt bac ciia the gidi loai ngUdi, mdt bUdc

ngo3t trong nen v3n minh tien trien rUc rd. Nhd

cd chtf viet ma nhan loai da ghi lai dUdc nhiing

kinh nghiem san xuat, nhiing sU kien lich sif,

khoa hpc ky thuat de tiep can cai mdi va thay the

cai cu, ghi lai nhu'ng hifn tUdng ciia thien nhien,

nhii'ng hoat ddng ciia ddi sdng xa hdi. Tif dd von

hieu biet ciia con ngUdi dUdc t3ng len theo thdi

gian, thdi dai. Ang-ghen khi phan tfch qua trinh

tien l.oa ciia nhan loai da danh gia cao vai trd ciia

chi? viet. Theo dng, khi cd chi? viet ra ddi da thuc

day khoa hpc ky thuat phat trien. Chfnh nhd dd

ma con ngUdi thoat khdi thdi ky tdi cd, chuyen

sang thdi ky van minh tifc la sU phat trien, tien

hda khdng ngifng. Do vay, cac nha khoa hpc da

cho rSng:

"Sach la vSn tich, la did viet ghi lai nhutig hieu

biet cua nhan loai de truyen lai dio ddi sau"^

Cac nha thU vien hpc lai ghi nhan:

"SadI la tri ih&c cd npi dung nhat quan. Hen

tuc dugc ghi diep lai did yeu bSng did viet va

hinh ve, tren vat lieu cd ban la giay cd sd lu'dng

trany In theo quy dinh".

Ljch sif loai ngUdi gSn lien vdi Ijch sif phat

minh ra cac phUdng tifn, ky thuat de lam ra sach.

NgUdi ta chia ra cac loai sach theo tifng thdi ky

Ijch sif nhU: Thdi ky cd dai, sach dUdc lam bSng

dat nung, tre, go. Thdi ky Trung dai va hifn dai:

sach lam bSng vat lifu giay, rdi dUdng dai la sach

bSng giay, dien tif... Oi ddi vdi nd la cac loai hinh

xuat ban nhU: Sach chep tay tren dat nung, sach

Theo D?l bach khoa to^n thi/ cua Ugn X6 glSl thfch tif v3n tjch c6 goc tCr Hy Lgp co tighla \h chu' viet, v3n ty, thJ tin.

Tap chLTHlT VIEN Vli i pJ^J.. ''(33)