Quá trình học cách nghe hiểu ngôn ngữ của trẻ

QUA TRiNH HOC CACH NGHE HIEU NGON NGlT CUA TRE

O ThS. OINH THANH TUY^N"

1. Bdn ndng (hdnh vl bdm sinh) cOo hd em

cho phdp ehung ed thi hpc hdl h> ngudi khdc vd

thi gidl xung quonh. 6 hd, sy hllu bllt vl «hlfn

tpl' vd «d dfiy* sd ed hvdc sy nhdn thuc vl ngdn

nga (NN) dOng di bllu thj khdl nifm «hifn tpl'

vd «d dd/ . Chung tdn dyng mpl cdch dl cd thi

nhdn thuc dupe tnl gidl (thdng quo vlfe chO ^

din eho dl thdo tudn, tdng nghe ed chpn Ipc

nhOng gl nguW Idn ndi, cung cop ihdng tin phdn

hdl), duo ro nhOng h> vd NN nf>d chOng nllu dupe

(thdng quo sy ntd phdng cd chpn Ipc nhi>ng dllu

md ngudi \Ay6c ndl) vd cdch sO dyng nhOng h> dd

dl hpc thdm nhilu tit hon. Bdl vllt ndy lupc thudt

Ipi mft sd bifn phdp md hd su dyng dl hpe cdch

nghe hllu NN h> ngudi \dn. Tuy nhldn, hude khi

hd hpc dupe cdch nghe - hilu h> ngudi Idn, cdn

phdl cd hal dllu klfn sou:

1) Hinh thdnh trt thvc vd ihi gidl xung

quanh Iru6c kbi hgc tdp NN. Trd cdn cd nhOna

hllu bllt vl con ngudri vd thi gidl xung quanh

hude khi chOng ed thi h; hpc NN. Lois BkxHti Id

mft hong nhOng rraudi ddu Hdn ehl ro nhihig

nde thong hllu bi^ hifn tpl vi NN eOa mft dua

hd (1970). Theo dng, eon ngudi khdng thi ndl vl

nhimg dllu md hp khdng nllu bllt. Tuong ty,

ngudi nglie cOng khdng ml nghe nhOng gl md

hp khdng hllu. Khi con ngudi si) dyng NN Id

dung kf hlfu dm thonh hofic hinh dnh dl ndl

chuyfn vl rnft ol dd, nfift dd vdt hoy mft sy klfn

ndo dd nhdm gpl ldn nhung hllu bllt cOo ngudrl

nghe vl nhOng vdn dl dd. VI thi, hd khdng thi

hpc dl hllu vd h^ ro NN hude Uii duo hd bilt

vl nhung thO dd.

2) Hgc cdc/i di bliu duqc nghta cOa h> -

ca dii iham chliu glvo dm ihmh vd sv vdl

hi$n Ivgng frong mil ft>. Nlu hd nhd dupe hpe

cdch hllu vd su dyng NN, ddu tidn ehung phdi

hoc cdch kit nil nhOng h> vd cym h/ md ngudi

Idii ndi ro. Nhu vdy, duo hd f^di hpe edeh «gldl

md" nhihig thdng dif p ngdn tu cOo ngudi idn vd

Hm ro mffl quon hf giuo tu' vd J* ngnTa md hp

hudng h5i. Trdn hit, tdm thi ndo mft duo hd hllu

dupe nhung gl ngudi Idn suy nghT, nlu trd khdnp

hilu nhung tit dong st} dyng? Mft em bd sd bdt

Tap chi Gliio due so 29 2 (to a - t/aoiai

ddu kit ndl nhihig h> hong ddl sdng con ngudi,

sy vdt, sy klfn vd tinh huong vl nhihig gl t^ dfi

bi^ vl thi gidl. Ddn din sy hudng thdnh sd gtOp

dOo hd kit ndl h> dOng vdl vft dm chf dOng hodc

ed y nghTa. Vi dy: Ngudi Idn thudng choi trd «0

do" vdi hd con Ichi ehung cdn nhd. Mdl Idn ehol

hd ndy, hd nghe thdy h> «0 do' dupe thdt ra vd

nd hpe dupe cdch kit hpp ede h> vdl sy klfn tdng

thi. Rd't nhanh chdng ehung hpe dupe h> «0 do'

ludn gdn liln vdl hdnn dfng dOng toy che mfit vd

bdt ngd md toy ro. Trong thye tl, khi hd ed budc

Hin ddl hong vlfe hpc h>, chOng ehl edn Hip xuc

mdt Idn vdl mft h> dl Hm hllu vd hinh thdnh gid

thuylt vl vdt ndl din; ddc bift Id dung ngdn ngQ

xdc djnh thdi glan vd khdng gion «d dd/' vd

«bdy gid". Qud hinh hiong tdc phdl xooy quonh

myc Hdu hoi|^ sy klfn md ed hd vd ngudi Idn

hudng h£r|. Khi hd nhdn ro vd chlo sd myc dfch

chinh cOo sy hiong tdc vd NN dong dupe sO dyng

hong qud hinh od thi ehung do h;io dupe budc

ddu Hdn trong vifc khdm pnd ro mdl quon hf

giuo h> vd cym h> vdl ni>dt sd vdt thi trong mdl

hudng sdng cOo chOng.

2. Mdt si bifn phdp trd si> dyng dl nghe

hllu NN

1) T^p Irung vdo mvc dfdt c/ifn/i cijo qud

trinh tuong tdc. Trude qud hinh h/ong hk cOo

hd vd ngudi Idn dlln ro, cd hal bdn diu tdp hung

hofic hiong h^c vdi nhCmg vdt thi vd sy klfn. Cdn

luu ^ rdng, ngudi k!m g$p rdt nhllu khd ld>fin dl

thu nOt vd duy hi sy chO y ci/a trd nhd trong khi

ehung tuong tdc. Ddu tidn, ehung tdp hung vdo

ndt rT>dt vd cu ehl euo bd mf hodc nhihig ngudi

xung auonh bdng edeh ddl theo dnh mdt cOa

ngudi Indn hofic tdp hung vdo dl vdt cuo nhihig

hdnh dfng cOa ngudi Idn. Do vdy, khi cd gdng

lldn hf nhChig h> md chOna nghe aupe vdl nhi>ng

dd vdt vd hdnh dfng cy tnl tnl hd tdp trung vdo

myc dfch chfnh cOo qud hinh h/ong tdc dl chO

gidl eho nhOng h> md ehOng vOa nghe dupe. Qud

hinh h/ong tdc vdl con ngudi vd vdt trong thi

gidl gdp phdn phdt hlln tri tuf cho hd. Khi hd

* Mi f l|i bfc sv ph9B UIW