Phương pháp dạy học văn bản

Truang Dgi hpc Gido

Day theo dac tnmg trung dai Vi?t Nam. Dac diem

thS lo^ii khong ph^i ciia tha Norn Duimg lu^t n6i

la van dh mdi trong mpt cdch ngan ggn v^ b^n chat

khoa hpc phucmg phap d^y nhat la sy ket htm hcli h6a yeu

hgc van nhung cung se khong to Nom v^ yeu to Duong luat. bao gid la cu bai van hpc dii

phat trien den dau cung khong

the di ra ngoai nhiing quy dao

nhat dinh. Han nua, moi the

loai van hpc deu c6 each thuc

dien ta va bieu hi?n rieng, the

hien phong each tac gia. Phan

Bai vay, khi huong dan hpc

sinh tim hieu van ban, ngu6fi

gido vien can d^c bi?t chu y

dac diem ndy.

1. Hu-diig dSn hgc sinh

dpc - hi^u v3n bdn

Dpc - hieu la budc dau tien

NGHIEN ciru & LTNG DUNG

PHUONG PHAP DAY HQC \AM BAM "CAMfl MGAY fit" CUA NGUYtN TRAI

(SACH GIAO KHOA l6 p lO) THtO D^C TKl/NG Tfl£ tOAI

ThS. La Phinrag Thiiy

dgc, Dgi hpc Quoc gia Hd Npi

ve mat ngu di?u, quan trpng

Id hpc sinh phdi tim cho dupe

m^ch cdm xuc chu d^o, ngon

ngii, gipng di?u, nhgc di^u...

cua bdi tha. Voi "Cdnh ngay

h6", gido vien can yeu cau hpc

sinh ngat nhip dung nhimg

cau Ipc ngon xen ke, gipng ho

hdi, thanh than, vui tuai.

2. est nghTa - chu gidi

Day la bien phdp v6 ciing

can thiet khi day tha trung dai

noi rieng va van hpc trung dai

noi chung.

- Cdt nghia: Id de tim ra ^

nghTa ciia van ban. Yi^c cat

nghTa bao g6m: cat nghTa hi,

cat nghTa cau, cat nghia hinh

anh. Doi vai bai tho "Canh

ngay he", giao vien nen chu

y cat nghia mpt so tir co nhu

"thiic", "ding doi", "de co",

cat nghTa mpt so hinh anh tieu

bieu nhu "dim dun tan rpp

giucmg", "phun thuc do"...

Vipe ldm ndy la v6 cung can

thiet khi day van hpc tnmg dai

noi chung va nen tien hanh

trong suot qua trinh dpc - hieu

van ban, de hpc sinh khong

nhimg hieu diing md con thay

dupe nhung ting nghTa ham

ngon, dimg y ngh? thuat ciia

tdc gia.

- Chu giai: Dgc tnmg ciia

tho trung dai la tinh ham sue,

them vao do la cac bipn phap

ngh§ thuat nhu uac_ 1^, tuong

tnmg, dien tich, dien co nen

vipe dgy hpc tha trung dai cho

ddi tirpmg hpc sinh THPT chac

chan la v6 cung kho khan. Khi

day van ban "Canh ngay he",

tich khong diing dac tnmg the giiip hpc sinh tim hieu, chiem

loai chac chan se sa vdo suy ITnh tac pham. Vi?c dpc khong

dien, hieu sai lech y nghTa the chi la dpc cho diing cau,

van bdn. PGS.TS Nguyen Thj diing chu ma trong qua trinh

Thanh Hucrng trong "Thiet dpc phai co s\r phan tich, cat

ke bdi gidn^ vd lai binh mpt nghia, hmh gia tdc pham, de

so tdc phdm vdn chuong a co the phat hipn ra nhimg tu

truang pho thong" cho rang: ngir, hinh anh dpc dao, giiip

"Ndm dugc dac trung the loai hpc sinh dan nhan ra cdi be

de phan tich diing bai van la sau, be xa ciia moi tac pham.

chiing ta da bat diing mach de Doi voi "Cdiih ngay he",

khoi nguon cam hung ciia tdc giao vien co the hudng dan

gia, khoi sdng dugc phuang hpc sinh mpt so kieu dpc sau:

thiic trinh bay nghe thugt cua - Dgc diing: day la yeu cau

tiing cay but duoc the hipn bat bupc khong chi vdi vipe

trong moi bdi van cu the". Vi day hpc tha Nom Dudng lugt

vay, vai tro ciia ngudi giao ma cdn doi vdi viec day hpc

vien trong viec dinh hudng van ndi chung. "Cdnh ngdy

cho hpc sinh tim hieu, phdn he" la bai tha cd rdt nhiSu tii

tich van bdn theo diing dac co, la lam vdi hpc sinh nen

tnmg the loai la vd eimg quan ngudi gido vien can hudng

trpng. Ci day, chung toi chi dan cdc em dpc chinh xde.

xin dua ra mot so bipn phdp

dinh hudng day hpc mpt van

ban cu thi la "Cdnh ngay he"

(Bdo kinh canh gidi 43) ciia

Nguyin Trai.

"Cdnh ngay he" ciia

NguySn Trai la bdi tho thupc

the loai tha Nom Dudng luat,

mpt dinh cao cua van hpc

Ngay nhgn bai 25/6/2012. Ngay duy$l ddng 25/7/2012

2 • TAP CHI THir BI GIAO DI^C • SO 84 • 8/2012

trung thdnh vdi van ban.

- Dpc kT: la each dpc that ti

mi, chinh xac tung cau, timg

chii, giiip hpc sinh c6 thS ndm

bat chinh xde npi dung thong

bdo trong tdc pham.

- Dpc sdng tao: la kilu dpc

trong do hpc sinh cd thi b5ng

each hieu ciia minh bd sung