Phương pháp bồi dưỡng chuyên môn nghiệp vụ cho giáo viên, sinh viên sư phạm thông qua mô hình "nghiên cứu bài học"

PHirONG PHAP BOI DUON G GHUVEN IVION NGHIEP UU

CHG GIAG UIEN. SINH UIEN SU PHAm THONG QUA lYIO HINH

''NGHIEN CUU BAI HOC "

O ThS. NGUY§N MAU OQC - ThS. L£ HUY HOANG*

Thudf ngO «nghlSn cuu bdi hqc" (NCBH)

(King Anh Id Lesson Study hodc Lesson

Research) duqe chuyin tu nguyen nghTo

King Nhdt (jugyou kenkyuu), nd cd ngudn gd'c

frong Ijch su gido dye Nhdt Bdn, h/ thdl MeijI

(18d8-1912). NCBH nhu mdt bifn phdp d l

ndng eao ndng lyc nghl nghifp cua gido vien

(GV) thdng quo nghign cuu, cdl Hin ede hoqt

dfng dqy hqc ede bdi hqe cy fhl, quo dd ndng

coo ehdf luqng hqc cuo hqe sinh (HS). Cho din

nay, NCBH duqc xem nhu mdt md hinh vd edeh

flip cdn nghl nghifp cOo GV vd vdn duqe su

dyng rdng rdi tai ede frudng hqe d Nhdt Bdn.

Hinh thue ndy dd duqc dp dyng frSn nhllu nude,

bude ddu duqc dp dyng d Vift Nam vd dd chung

minh duqe Knh khd fhl cuo nd trong vlfe bdi

dudng vd phdt friln ndng lye chuySn mdn cua

GV so vdl cdc phuong phdp truyin thd'ng khde.

Tuy nhlSn, de phdt huy duqc Knh uu vift vd sue

hd'p ddn to Idn cuo NCBH, GV edn ed sy nghlSn

cuu, vdn dyng llnh hoqt vdo dilu kifn dqy hqe,

bdi hqe ey fhl eua bq mdn. Dudi ddy, bdi vilt

gidi thifu v l phuong phdp bdi dudng chuyfn

mdn nghifp vy eho GV, sinh vien su phqm thdng

quo md hinh NCBH. Cy thi Id:

1. Yfu cdu dd'l vdl GV khi tham glo NCBH

Khi tham gio NCBH, cdc GV se hqp thdnh

K/ng nhdm nhd 4-d ngudi ed the khde nhou v l

trinh do chuyen mdn, khde nhou v l ehuySn

ngdnh thdm chi ed thi khde frudng. Tuy nhifn,

d l thudn Iql eho qud trinh thye hifn bdi hqc,

thdng thudng ede nhdm NCBH Id ede GV cOng

frudng, eCing chuyen ngdnh. Trong qud trtnh Hin

hdnh bdi hqc nghien cuu cd thi cd sy tham gia

cuo cdc GV khde ngodi nhdm ho^c cd the mdi

nhCrng hqc gid, cde nhd khoo hqe v l PPDH,

gidng vien nhieu kinh nghifm tu cdc frudng

Dql hqc,... nhung ngudi ndy se ddng gdp

nhi/ng y kiln chuySn mdn, quon sdf bdi hqe vd

duo ro nhi/ng y kien, nhdn xft, gdp y d l qud

trinh frd nSn hifu qud hon.

GV eung nhau nghlSn euu, xdy dyng myc

HSu hqc tdp eho HS. Sy tham gio cuo cde thdnh

vien phdi mang h'nh ehd't hf nguyfn trdn eo so

mud'n ndng coo hifu qud hqe tdp cuo HS. Trong

nhdm ede thdnh viSn eOng nhou hqp h^c hudng

din mye tiSu chung cuo bdi hqe, cCing chlo sf

kinh nghifm vd cung nhdn xft, bd sung glOp

nhau hodn thifn hon v l chuySn mdn nghifp vy.

Cdn trdnh nhung bilu hifn tISu eye nhu sy phS

phdn nhau v l ndng lye chuyfn mdn hoy phdm

ehd't nghl nghifp cuo cdc GV vdl nhou. Cde

nhdm s§ Idm vifc trung binh h> 2-3 bdi hqc/

ndm do vifc nghlSn euu cd cudng df eao vd

chilm khd nhllu fhdl glon.

2. Qud frinh NCBH

NCBH d l ddnh gid hodc cung edp cho GV

nhi/ng thdng Hn phdn hdi v l thye Hin dqy hqc.

GV Ihyc hifn NCBH thi thu thdp duqe nhOng nh^n

xet, kit qud eho vlfe su dyng cde phuong phdp

cuo minh din sy fu duy cuo HS. Cd nhllu each

phdn chlo ede gioi doqn eua qud frinh NCBH,

chdng hqn: SHgler vo Hiebert (1999) chia qud

frinh NCBH thdnh 8 bude ey thi, boo gdm: - ldp

k l hoqch nghlSn cuu bdi hqc; - dqy hqc vd quan

sdt cdc bdi hqe nghien cuu; - Ddnh gid, nhdn xSf

cdc bdi hqc dd duqc dqy; - Chinh sua cde bdi

hqc dya fren sy gdp y, bd sung sau nhi/ng gi thu

thdp duqc sou khi Hin hdnh bdi hqc nghiSn ei/u

Idn 1; - Tien hdnh dqy cdc bdi hqe dd duqe chinh

sua; - Tiep hjc ddnh gid, nhdn xet klf qud Idn 2;

Dua vdo ung dyng rdng rdi frong qud frinh

dqy hqe.

Lewis (2002) chio qud frinh nghlSn cuu bdi

hqc thdnh 4 budc: - Tdp frung vdo bdi hqc nghiSn

cuu; - Ddt k l hoqch eho bdi hqe nghlSn cuu;

> TnNflf Ii i kf« »(>Mi - *»• 1 ^ T)^ Km(«

Tap ehi Glao due so 29 3 (id i . 9/aoia) r '