Phát triển nghề rừng ở rừng phòng hộ tỉnh Lai Châu

# HUNG VAN D6 KINH T6 VI MO

s3

mi TftiCN NGHC RITNG 6 VUNG RITNG PHONG HO

TINH ini CHRU

GS.TS. Dam Van Nhue

Dqi hoc Kinh fe Qudc ddn

Theo each phan loai hien nay, dat lam^ nghiep bao gdm 3 loai: Da't ritng san xua't;

Da't rifng phdng hp; Dat rimg dac dung. O mdi loai dat rimg viec phat then nghe ritng

ed muc tieu va dae diem rieng, ddi hoi nhifng bien phap phattrien thich hdp.

May nam qua, nghe ritng d eae vung rifng sin xuat cd bade phat then dang ke;

ngugc lai, nghe ritng d cac vung rimg phdng hp chuyen bien rat cham khdng dap itng

duge yeu cau cua qua trinh phat then kinh te- xa hpi- bio ve mdi trudng dang dat ra.

Bai viet nay, mudn thdng qua tinh hinh cu the d Lai Chau- mpt dja phudng dien hinh

ciia vung ritng Tay Bic- phat bleu mpt sd y kien ve phat then nghe ritng d vung rifng

phdng hp.

1 . Tinh hinh phat nghe

rUng d viing rU'ng

phong hp Lai Chau

D i n eudi nam 2008, Lai

Chau ed 390.767 ha rUng,

trong dd rUng phong hp ehiirn

9 1% dien tich rUng tu nhien. 6

mpt sd huyen, ty le nay eon

eao hdn: huyen Sin Hd 99,8%;

huyen Phong Thd 98,35%; thi

xa Lai Chau 100%.

Y thifc dupe tim quan trpng

ciia viee phat trien nghi rUng

ndi chung va nghi ri/ng trong

vung ri/ng phong hp ndi rieng,

Ding bo tinh Lai Chau da ra

Nghi quylt sd NQ15/NQTU

ngay 16/7/2007 v l phat trien

lam nghiep.

Theo NQI5, trong nhi/ng

nam qua, Lai Chau da ed

nhilu cd ging. Tuy nhien, eon

tdn tai mpt sd van d l sau day:

(1) Ri/ng tiep tue bi tan pha

va ngheo di. Dien tfch rUng

giau va trung binh ehi eon

ehilm ed 9,2% tdng dien tfch

rUng.

(2) Lai Chau la tinh cd nhilu

rUng (dien tich rUng binh quan

diu ngUdi so vdi ea nudc,

viing miln niii, trung du phfa

Bac cac tinh Sdn La, tinh Hoa

Binh bing Iin lUdt nhu sau:

hpn 6 lan; 2,4 Iin; 1,9 lan; 3,6

Iin). Nhung nghi ri/ng d Lai

Chau kem phat trien nen quy

mo edn nhd be (nam 2008

tdng gia tri si n xua't lam

nghiep ehi bang 1,3% gia tri

sin xua't lam nghiep eiia e i

nudc, 64% eiia Dien Bien,

40,5% ciia Sdn La; 42,4% eiia

Hoa Binh).

(3) Trong pham vi dja

phUdng, ty trpng gia tri sin

xuit lam nghiep trong tdng gia

tri sin xua't ndng, lam, thuy

sin thip va dang cd xu hudng

giim sut (nam 2004 la 23,34%

din nam 2008 chi eon

18,14%). Ty le nay cho tha'y

nganh lam nghiep ehUa dUde

coi trpng.

(4) Trong pham vi nganh

lam nghiep: NQ15/NQ-TU ehii

trUdng chuyen trpng tam lam

nghiep tU khai thac rUng tu

nhien sang khoanh nuoi, eham

sdc tai sinh, bio ve trdng bd

sung rUng ngheo, trdng rUng

(gpi tit la Bio ve va phat trien

vdn rimp). Chii trUdng tren la

dimg din. Tuy nhien, cho din

nay, su chuyen biln la khong

nhilu. Cu the: ty le gia tri sin

xua't ciia cac hoat dpng bio

ve, va phat triln vdn ri/ng

trong gia tri si n xua't lam

nghiep binh quan cac nam

2004-2008 chi dat 7-8% trong

khi ca nudc la 14-15%. Ty le

nay cho thiy lam nghiep trong

eae vimg ri/ng phdng hp van

chil ylu la eae hoat dpng khai

thac, thu nhat sin pham eiia

rUng tu nhien.

2. Nguyen nhan

Cd nhilu nguyen nhan dan

tdi tinh trang neu tren nhUng d

day, ehiing toi tap trung ban v l

ehinh sach phat trien.

(1) Muc tieu cua cae ehinh

sach da rd: bao ve va phat

trien vdn rUng nham (1) bio

d i m ngudn nude lau dai eho

he thdng cae nha may thuy

dien tren luu vuc song Oa; (2)

PhLie vu cung cap nude cho

s i n xua't, ddi sdng eua vung

ddng bang song Hdng; (3)

Chdng lu lijt, bio dam dn djnh

khi hau, da dang sinh hpe eho

miln Bic.

Tuy nhien, quan diem giai

quylt^ thi ehua ro rang, the

hien d eae diem sau:

+ Bao ve, phat triln vdn

rUng trong^ eac viing rUng

phong hp d Lai chau (cung

nhu toan bp luu vue song Oa)

la yiec cap thiet ein giii quylt

khan trUdng hay c6 the tien

hanh tU tU, dUde de'n dau tdt

den dd? Cau hdi nay dupc dat

ra vi thue t l ed hien tupng eie

van kien thi eho rang cip thiet

ein khan trUdng bio ve phat

triln vdn rUng, nhUng cac

34 kinli teJ'hat trien